Marija Gimbutas and Old Europe | Indo-European Ed. Series

[00:00:01]okay um so the story so far is that 200,000 years ago we humans Homo sapiens we um were born in Africa and then about uh 50,000 years ago because of climate change we started to spread around the world okay um we went into Europe then into Asia then we crossed the bearing straight into North America then South America then Asia went to Australia okay and 50,000 years ago there's about a million of us all around the world and the argument that I'm making you that I made to you in this class is that from the very beginning we were religious okay we know from the ice cave paintings we know because of place like goe and kind of Hoak that we had um a religious belief that told us who we are and what we're doing here and as we discussed in class this religious belief is um animistic meaning we believe that we all come from One Source the mother goddess and we are all the children of the mother goddess including animals plants and because of this we are we were a very compassionate uh people that were egalitarian there was no difference between men and women that was peaceful we we were violent there was some violence but we didn't really fight Wars okay um and we're artistic we celebrated the mother goddess through paintings and through artwork okay um and now the question then is if we were like this for most of human history how is it that today we have War private property and patriarchy where men make all the rules and women have little agency and power and so this week I will explain to you how this happened okay so in today's class we will discuss um really the height of this civilization um and this is what the anthropologist Maria gambas called Old Europe okay so to begin the story um I want to tell you what what we've discovered in terms of linguistics so for many hundreds of years we many people have speculated that maybe English German greek latin all came from the same language that's been lost to us this is language we call Proto indoan um and through Decades of strous research linguists have been able to conclusively uh prove that all these languages that we speak in Europe okay all come from the same mother language the first language but not only that but also Iranian um and Indian okay Hindi okay all come from Proto induran so the question so okay does that make sense to you guys all right so we know this because there are many words that sound the very that sound the same in many language okay so for example father in English is father right but in Latin it's p okay that's where we get the the word uh paternity okay from the father um Greek patus persan hardar Hindi in India P okay so the word father seems to come from just one word in all these different languages then you look at the word mother okay mother mat matara M mat okay also sounds very similar so again for hundred of years people people have speculated that um there was just one language and if you look at this map okay so for example the English word uh for two okay the number two you can draw a schematic that shows you how all these languages the word two derived just from one word da okay so linguists have been able to piece together this Proto induran uh language we've also been able to figure out how this language spread okay so there are two hypotheses either the language spread from uh turkey Anatolia or from uh Ukraine okay basically Russia and um we know it spread all around the world okay so basically all of Europe and including Iran and India okay so this is the first language of all these language language that we speak today in most of Asia and all of Europe okay so any questions so far all right now the problem for linguist is how do you piece together the language okay because this language is lost to us okay all so this language is lost to us and so what linguage did okay and this is a very slow process is they basically looked at all the words that seem to come from the same word in different languages what they discovered is that there's certain words that are distinct to the first language so words like B cow Ox Ram e Lamb pig piglet sour milk why CDs Field Dog sheer wool textiles uh scratch plow oxen yoke grain sha Furrow wrestling grinding pestl households okay what do you guys notice about these words do you see patterns in these words what patterns do you see in these words okay so what these words tell us is the culture and lifestyle of the Proto indo-europeans okay does that make sense so from these words we're able to figure out four things about the uh Proto uh Indo Europeans the first thing is that unlike other cultures these people have a word for wheel in fact there are five different words for wheel and what this tells us what we can guess that these people whoever they are they invented the wheel okay does that make sense because have they have word for words for wheel and other closes don't okay so they were the first invent the wheel second is that they have words for dairy products okay cow milk and this is important why do you guys know know why why this is important why is this strange yes okay so they were racing livestock okay okay what makes it strange is that for most of human history we were lactose intolerant meaning we did not have the ability to drink milk so these people not only did they invent the wheel but they but they changed their system biological system so that they became lactose tolerant they now have the capacity to drink milk okay does that make sense so whoever these people are are the first people to drink cow milk okay the second characteristic sorry the third characteristic is they really don't have that many agricultural terms okay so maybe they farmed but they weren't um focused on farming okay whereas other cultures were focused on farming okay that's the third thing the fourth thing is is they have words for horse and this is important because this tells us that they were first to domesticate the horse meaning that they could control the horse okay this is important because throughout history horses if they see a human they run away okay because that's the best way to survive if you see someone coming you run away this this is what we call excitability okay horses are cited so it took thousands of years for these people the Proto indo-europeans to domesticate the horse which means they could ride the horse okay doesn't make sense so we don't know who these people were but based on their language were able to guess four things okay so this is a theory now what's interesting is that archaeologists start to dig up things and they start to discover the linguage were right okay by sing the language the the linguage had four hypotheses and the AR the archaeologists were able to provide evidence this is true okay the most exciting thing is that for the past 5 to 10 years advances in genetics DNA technology we've been able to look at the DNA of these skeletons and we've been able to confirm a lot of these hypotheses okay does that make sense so what I'm what I'm telling you is for the longest time we guess that the Proto Indo Europeans existed but now we have conclusive conclusive cic evidence that they did exist and who they were okay does that make sense all right so Wheels okay so again they have five five different words for wheels and we're able to know from the archaological evidence the wheels were invented about 3500 BC okay in this area okay basically Russia um and because wheels are part of Proto indoeuropean then this language whoever starts as first speak it must have been speaking after 3500 okay does that make sense all right um there aren't that many agricultural terms in Proto Indo uh European okay we have a lot of words for milk okay to milk sour milk buttermilk cheese cow okay so whoever these people were uh dairy products were a very important part of their culture and their diet um this is DNA DNA evidence that shows us that these people who who we call the yaya okay these people called the yaya um they were able to develop hormones that allow them to be lactose tolerant okay um in about four four 4500 BCE very few people could drink milk and by the time of the yaya about a thousand years later they could basically all drink milk and because they could drink milk what happens to their body can you guys know what's the difference if you drink milk exactly okay so we know from the evidence that these people are taller than everyone else in fact these people people because they drink milk and they eat a lot of protein um they were on average 20 cm taller than Farmers okay does that make sense you guys okay yeah go ahead okay okay okay so the drink the milk we drink today is very different from the milk that they drank before you understand the milk they drank before came from cows that were raised in grassland so it's all natural the milk we drink today comes from cows that are raised in factories and we in we inject a lot of drugs and hormones into these cows did you understand uh no no no no if you drink milk a lot uh your bones will be healthier and you'll grow taller okay that that's just that's just biological evidence okay does that make sense but the milk we drink today um we put a lot of chemicals into the milk and the sourcing of the milk uh is from factories okay and and and the reason why is we want to make the milk cheaper but it's worse for you okay so in other words if you really want to be healthy what you you should do is go buy a cow and drink from that cow okay do you understand all right okay so so are we clear okay all right now what's really interesting is the domestication of the horse Okay so again there's a gene in the horse for accessibility okay basically the horse is programmed to run away if it sees danger a human being and it took us about 3,000 years okay from 5500 BC until 20200 BC to domesticate the horse because it's very hard to make horses not run away when there's danger does that make sense so this a very long process but they were able to accomplish it um the further evidence for the domestication of a horse is we've been able to dig up skeletons okay and what we see is the skeletons of the yayah are different from other skeletons and it's because they ride horses okay that changes the curvature of the skeleton okay does it make sense guys okay so the evidence is pretty overwhelming um eventually they were able to put all the pieces together okay they were able to put the horse and the wheel together and as such they create the wagon the wagon meant they could move from place to place and they they became what we call nomadic pastures pastur list okay so have you guys been to Mongolia have you guys been to Mongolia ex me yeah same okay but you see the way they um the way they make a living is they have like cows and sheep right and they take the cows from the sheep from place to place to eat the grass right and they can they're able to do that because they're able to put all the belongings into a wagon and move from place to place okay does that make sense so these are the people who were the first speakers of Proto indur Indo European and eventually they're able to spread their language all around the world okay from Europe to India to Iran okay does that make sense guys now the question is okay we able to confirm that these people actually existed and we are able to confirm that they um did spread the language around the world now the question the debate is how do they do so okay and there's two sides to the argument the first side um the first side believes these people were conquerors okay so think gangas Khan and the Mongols they went around they and they they they they they were able to spread their language by conquering other people okay so think gangas Khan and the Mongols think of the European conquest of North and South America where the English and Spanish and the French went to North and South America and eradicated the local population okay so that's the first belief the second belief is that it was not violent okay it was just cultural diffusion meaning I came to your um country or your village and I was able to influence you and convince you that my language is superior okay so we call this cultural diffusion so think of English where okay China has not been conquered by the west but we want to learn English because we think that learning English will give us more life opportunities okay does that make sense so there's two sides of the debate either one of conquest or one of cultural diffusion and this debate went on for a long time okay and for most of the time we believed it was cultural diffusion but now for the past 5 to 10 years we have overwhelming DNA evidence that it was in fact Conquest it was a genocide it was a violent conquest and this is what I will show you next class okay but in today's class what I will show you is the Europe before the conquest okay does that make sense okay and then next class we will look at how Europe was conquered and how you was changed because of the conquest okay any questions so far okay so so the so so it's a great question okay the question is what's the difference between conquest and the fusion okay the answer is this if I con coner you I eradicate your genes I kill you okay Therefore your genes do not come into the present day whereas if it's defusion your genes are still around does that make sense okay so now what I will show you next class is sorry A lot of these genes have been eradicated therefore it must have been a violent Conquest does that make sense okay all right so um let's now look at Europe before the conquest and a lot of um what we know about Europe um comes from a very famous Anthropologist her name is Maria gatas okay and we we'll be spending a lot of time this today talking about her theories but what we know is okay remember the Ice Age ended about 12,000 years ago okay now the planet is warming which allows for agriculture we also know that agriculture started in uh Anatolia turkey and in Egypt and in uh Mesopotamia okay basically this region and the region why is this place was the first to warm up but it also had better soil than other places okay so they discovered farming in this region and then about 6,500 BCE agriculture start to spread around the world okay to Europe and then over to um England right does that make sense guys okay now the question then is what propelled this migration from Anatolia to Europe can you guys guess what would what would Propel this migration okay a good guess is war okay but we don't have any evidence of War around this time what's another explanation why people wouldn't move exactly thank you climate change okay the weather became a lot cooler during this time Mak it harder for people to farm okay also they've been farming for a long time in this area which meant that the soul the the soil is no longer as good as before okay so you had these massive migrations of families into Europe because Europe at this time it was becoming the weather was becoming a lot um warmer which allowed people to start to grow agriculture in this area okay so in about 6,500 BCE people start from to move from Anatolia into this area and because they were moving they brought with them their religion okay remember like like the religion of goe and kind of Hoak is one of the mother goddess giving life to everything okay and because of that we know that the people in this area were mainly egalitarian peaceful and artistic okay does that make sense okay um what we'll what we will study next class is that there were two massive migrations into Europe all caused by climate change the first migration um are farmers okay the second migration are pastelist and what I will show you next class is the we will look at the DNA evidence okay so if you look at the D DNA of people today what you will see is that um about 4500 BCE most people in Europe their genes were mixed of farmers who came from Anatolia as well as H gatherers who were there originally okay does that make sense but then um after 3,000 BC you have this green come in okay and the green are the Y Yaya okay the Proto indo-europeans and so I will show show you this next class okay but but I want you guys to understand what happened okay does that make sense okay so again this is a map of the migration okay so agriculture was founded in about 9,000 BC in uh the near East turkey Anatolia as well as uh Israel Syria Jordan then it spread from about from about 7,000 to Europe okay and then the purple is the am people okay who who believe were from Ukraine in the steps they spread around the world next class we'll discuss who the yah were and how they conquered the world okay but first I I want to look at the farmers who built Europe before the conquest of the anayah um so again Maria gutas who is an anthropologist originally from uh lutherania but who worked at Harvard and UCLA she's done Decades of research into Old Europe okay and her conclusion is that old Europe um was conquered by um the yayah people okay and this this is what what we know as the Kiran hypothesis so let me let me explain what the Kiran hypothesis is we know the burials of the farmers is very different from the burials of the yayah people the major difference is this the people who are farmers are buried together okay but the people of the anayah they're buried alone not only are they buried alone but they're buried with weapons and with cattle and horses so what we can guess from this okay we don't have evidence but we can what we get can guess from this is is that the farmers were people who did not have PIV private property and who were egalitarian okay and who were peaceful because they didn't have any weapons and the anayah were the complete opposite okay these were warriors who um uh believed in private property and which was male-dominated okay doesn't make sense so this is what what we refer to as the kirken hypothesis and for the longest time this is something that Maria gutes argued and she was laughed at why was she laugh that why would people laugh at her she's saying like Okay before these came to Europe Europe was a place that was basically governed by woman and it was artistic and it it was peaceful it was egalitarian why would people laugh at her yeah they don't believe in her why and excuse me yeah yeah first of all in universities it's the men who are the professors right it's the men who are Scholars so there are many men who are like there's no way woman can be in charge they're idiots okay why would women be in charge they're stupid they're useless it's men who are always in charge okay that's one reason why they laugh at her what's another reason why they would laugh at her okay there are also a lot of people who believe like people are violent we've had Wars always okay they idea like for like Thousand Years Europe was peaceful can't be true because people are violent humans are meant to go to war against each other Okay the third reason why people would laugh at her is we think that we are motivated by money right if you don't have money then why would you do anything does that make sense so Maria gbas had this radical idea that challenge the way that men saw the world okay for men men has men have always been in charge there's always been Wars and there's always been wealth and money to motivate people to work hard okay and that's and that's what men believe and Mar G said no that's not true for thousand of years from 6,500 uh BC until about 2500 BC 4,000 years before they were conquered Europe was ruled by woman and because of that Europe was peaceful egalitarian and artistic okay so this is a radical idea and again what I what I will show you next class is this idea that was laughed at for decades has has now been confirmed by DNA evidence meaning that this has been proven True by science okay does that make sense okay so let's look at what Mir but said and she's written quite a few books these are two of her most famous the language of the goddess and the civilization of the Goddess okay so her main theory is that Europe at that time their main belief is in the mother goddess who gives life to everything okay and so what she did was she went and she dug up their uh Graves to look at their art and she studied their language and their cultural practice okay does that make sense any questions so far okay so this is from the civilization of the goddess and we'll read this together okay and and so this is her main argument about Old Europe at that time the goddess in all her manifestations was a symbol of the unity of all life in nature okay so we are all connected together animals trees humans we're all connected together okay were all one big family her power was in water and stone in Tomb and cave in animals and birds snakes and fish Hills trees and flowers hence the holistic and mytho perception of all the sacredness and mystery of all there is on Earth okay so everything in the world is sacred because it is blessed by the mother goddess if there's a mosquito don't kill that mosquito because it is has the energy of MC of the mother goddess okay if you are walking on a if you're walking and you see a bird a small bird pick it up and and and heal it okay because that comes from a mod goddess okay does that make sense this culture took deep Delight in the natural wonders of this world its people did not produce lethal weapons or build fors in in exceptable places as their successors did even when they were acquainted with Metallurgy okay so in other words they had the technology to make weapons they had the technology to build forts and make war but they chose not to does that make sense okay these people chose purposely chose not to commit violence against other people instead they built magnificent Tom shrines and temples comfortable house in moderately sized Villages and created superb pottery and sculptures this was a long long lasting period of remarkable creativity and stability and age free of strife their culture was a culture of art it doesn't make sense they spent all their time and energy in producing art to celebrate the mother goddess and to celebrate nature and to celebrate themselves okay and this was remarkably peaceful and stable does that make sense guys okay any question so far okay what was amazing about this culture is they invented writing okay now for the longest time we believe that the samarians okay which we will discuss later on the samarians who lived in Iraq we believe they discovered um writing okay and we discover that writing came about for economic purposes okay so for example if you are in Samaria and you need you you need to build a temple okay what you do is you create writing so for example example okay here's a CL I and I say this okay so this is writing right what what do this it means like these two people this family of two will get two bushes of Wheat and two bases of bread for their work today does that make sense so we thought that for the longest time people created writing because or for economic purposes okay in order to have an economy but what M gutus has discovered is no we actually created writing before for religious purposes okay so for example if I have a painting okay it goes like this okay something like this then what I'm saying is the mother god goddess BL blesses this um sculpture with her life and with the abundance of water in nature okay does that make sense so writing is a way to communicate with the mother goddess is a way to make Divine and sacred um our art does it make sense guys okay so um these people are so sophisticated they invented writing okay now I want to go over some of the cultural differences between that culture and our culture to show how Stark the difference is okay so for example in today's culture we think of snake we think of poison danger right we've been taught that snakes are dangerous but in this culture the snake was a symbol of Life Energy and regeneration because you know snake can shed their skin right a most benevolent not an evil creature okay so that's one major difference another major difference between our culture and their culture is in today's world we think that white is good black is bad right and we can't imagine that black is good white is bad right but their culture that's what exactly what they believe okay black did not mean death or the underworld it was the color of fertility the color of damp caves and rich soil of the womb of the Goddess where life begins white on the other hand was the color of death of bones okay does that make sense so back then for most of of human history we thought that um white was bad because it symbolized death and black was good because it symbolized life and we can't possibly imagine that today right okay the last thing I want to talk about and this is actually the most controversial thing is back then for most of human history woman had power and agency okay what I mean by that is back then a wi's body was her body she could choose to to do whatever she wants with her body does that make sense in today's world if you get married right if a woman gets married then we assume the woman's body belongs to the husband only the husband can sleep with her it doesn't make sense but for most of of human history this was not true okay all right so you look at sexual taboos today okay why do we have sexual taboos to shame woman into proper behavior okay so for example okay if a man sleeps with a thousand woman we we think great he's a stud he's good-looking he's Rich he's tall he's a stud right but hey if a woman sleeps with a thousand men she's a she's a bad person she has no ethical um she lacks ethics she lacks morality she's a she has no character therefore we must avoid her okay why does this make any logical sense why is this true guys why is this true okay yeah exactly we we have this okay we have this Prejudice because men are considered Superior to women and therefore men want to control woman and the best way to do that is by controlling the woman's body okay does that make sense okay so this is just a cultural Prejudice there's no bi biological evidence this is true okay all right so um we we have a lot of evidence that um women want sexual agency okay women w't have sex there's something wrong with that okay so for example we look at monkeys Reese's monkeys and females will aggressively seek males out for sex okay so it's the females that are proactive you also look at Bono bonobos monkeys okay in Bon monkeys it's interesting because the females are in charge the females have sex with each other why why why why do they have sex w w with each other where will females have sex with with each other what's the purpose purpose of that Unity right does that make sense Unity to get along to cooperate better okay and then they will also have sex with uh men but they initiate the sex okay there are some cultures where it's the female that will initiate the sex with the male okay all right so um at Harvard in UCLA they discovered okay the moment they discovered um the plow AR agriculture these societies have lower levels of female participation in politics in the laboral force okay meaning like before before where men and women did the same work both had the same political power but once men uh showed that they could contribute more to society Men start to have more power okay does that make sense so in other words um differences between men and women are not biological constructs okay they are cultural constructs and for most of human history men and women were equal okay any questions so far okay so the idea of black and white it's a like white is good black is bad it's a recent construct okay it comes with the idea of race okay and race was invented about 200 years ago why because Europe was going going on Conquering the world and they needed to justify why they were doing this and the theory is because we're Superior people our race is better than your race does that make sense so race is a recent cultural construct and um it was to justify imperialism the conquest of other people for no reason okay does that make sense okay so all this is recent okay all right there's a really fun book called sex at dawn by Christopher Ryan okay and what he argues is that for most of human history woman had sexual agency and they had multiple uh sexual partners and one piece of evidence is this gorillas right they're the biggest primates they're huge right what turns out their penises when fully erect is only 4 cm okay men who are a lot smaller than um gorillas when they're wrecked they are at least almost four times as big as the gorilla penis is okay so the question then is why is this the case and one theory is that when women have multiple sexual partners the man with the bigger penis will spread his Gene forward does that make sense guys okay and so this is a this is evidence like for most of human history women have had multiple sexual partners okay okay so even when women had Partners okay a husband they still had sexual partners okay and in some societies women have many husbands usually Brothers together okay all right let me ask you this question why do they do this right because we've been taught this we've been taught okay we exist to spread our genes right you understand so if I marry someone only if I'm sure that The Offspring the children are mine will I work hard to ensure that the children are fed and raised properly and educated okay does that make sense so we've been taught for a long time that we first care about our genes okay that's why men want to have as many wives and children as possible and woman want to find the wealthiest husband but before most of of human history this was not true why why guys okay so it has to do with the idea of religion okay so the first thing is that we all come from the mother goddess we're all equal right so it doesn't matter if my if it doesn't matter if it's my son or my friend's son they're all the children of the mother goddess and therefore I have responsibility to protect the children okay does that make sense so there is no concept of individual there's only a concept of community okay that's the first thing second thing is they really didn't understand genes okay they they didn't understand like okay a child has 50% genes from the mother 50% genes from the father okay how they understood was okay you have the woman she gives life the the the man gives energy okay does that make sense therefore what if you believe this then what if the mother gives life the man gives energy what what right right but how would you get better energy more men right you understand if men are giving you energy the more men you have sex with the more energy you have does that make sense so the evidence is if you look at the people in millenia okay they believe that provided energy and so you need you need a lot of semen okay so what would happen is that when a woman married a husband what happened is the members of the husband's family would come and have sex with her that very night in order to get as much energy as possible from the family does it make sense guys okay any questions so far I know this is controversial but I'm just trying to show you how our cultural beliefs is radically different from the cultural beliefs of people in the past okay does it make sense okay so one last piece of of evidence is this when you don't know who your who's when the when the people don't know who the father is everyone has a responsibility to protect the child okay does that make sense to you guys okay so the story is this Christian Miss missionary he goes into a village and he he finds people just sleeping with each other okay there's no marriage there's no husband and wife people are just sleeping with each other and the priest says to them you people are Shameless and one of the villagers replies you have no sense you French people love only your own children but we all love all the children of our tribe okay you understand so having multiple sexual partners is a way to build community for everyone if you're a small community okay maybe 15 20 people it makes sense to make sure that everyone loves each other and everyone will protect all the children does that make sense guys right so let me tell you a story to illustrate this fact we know that in World War II okay in World War II American uh Pilots okay what they were doing for what what they were doing is they were sleeping with each other's wife okay doesn't make sense the reason why they were doing this is American Pilots were more likely to die in war than any other soldiers does that make sense guys therefore you slept with the wife of your colleagues in order to ensure that if you died they would protect your children because there's a good chance you you would die in war okay you were afraid that if I died who's going to look after my wife and who's going to look after my children and the way you build Intimacy in community is by Sleeping with each other's wife so that you became one big family okay does that make sense guys any questions so far I know this is controversial I know this is hard to understand okay but um with evidence that for for for most of human history women had sexual agency and power and sex was a way to build community okay does it make sense yeah okay that's a great question okay so the question is um is this backwards or is it primitive okay and what I want to show you this semester is that okay guys there's no such concept as backward and primitive Okay the reason why we care about sex more than any other people is the idea of private property okay private property okay so for example if I have a wife and I do have a wife okay we have three kids okay I want my three kids to inherit the money right but if my wife go sleep with other people then who gets the private property so in other words we have the idea of sex as shameful because we live in a PRI we live in a patriarchy okay does that make sense all right okay sorry um let let me explain some more later on okay all right let's move on all right so I want to conclude with this idea I want to conclude Maria gutas argued that Old Europe was ruled by women or women were part of the political class and because of that Europe at that time was more peaceful and more stable than at any other time in its history does that make sense so another question then is why would women as a political class be uh more effective than men as a political class okay and there are three reasons all right the first reason is women are more willing to cooperate and collaborate does that make sense so men are competitive we like status we like power but women are much more humble so women are much more likely to compromise and c and collaborate than men are does that make sense guys okay so if you if men are are in control the men want all the power but if women are in control then women are much more willing to share power with men does that make sense the other thing is let's just say like your community Gets In conflict with another Community well what would happen is the woman leaders of your community would get together with the woman leaders of that community and you could quickly negotiate a compromise right but men are competitive they like status they like face so it's much more likely that when men start to negotiate uh it becomes violent does that make sense okay so that's one thing that women are better at women are better at collaborating and compromising that's the first thing second thing is that women have more emotional intelligence does that make sense guys meaning like men care about rules right women care more about you as a person therefore women are much better at at managing people does that make sense okay um the third thing is like men can use violence to coorse other people right women are not as physically strong as men therefore they have other strategies for controlling men and the two main strategies are gossip okay basically talking about you behind your back which forces use conform but also sex okay so if the woman spread sex evenly among the man the men have no reason to fight and if someone if a man does something bad against Community the woman can choose to have not to not have sex with this man okay as way to punish him but this is all very subtle and nonviolent me ways of forcing people to conf to conform to the rules of the society okay okay does that make sense any questions this is confusing to you guys right okay so all so so so let's conclude okay before the conquest of the yayah Old Europe was a peaceful Ean Society okay and a lot of the reason why is that woman were given higher status in society so it was women who made the rules who were the political class in society and because of that women are able to use um nonviolent ways to control Society making Society much more peaceful and stable okay does that make sense guys any questions excuse me okay okay so the question then the question is if people are not violent how do you control Society okay and so um the the way you can control so control people is by is through the idea of Shame okay because everyone wants to get along okay all right so all right here's a fun experiment okay here's a fun experiment what you guys can do is every time you walk the hallways and you see a person wearing red like like a girl wearing red you tell her you look fantastic okay I guarantee you within like two weeks all the girls in the school will be wearing red does that make sense so you're controlling people but you you're not using violence you're using the idea of Gossip shame and flattery and that's what women do really well do you understand okay the the does that does that answer your your your your question okay any more questions yeah so you don't have to use violence you can you can also use flattery okay right any more questions okay so um next class what we'll do is we will look at the Y yah people okay because the Y people are violent they love war they're patriarchy and um they have private property the question then is okay how did they come about okay what's their origin story and why were they so so successful in conquering all Europe okay so that's a story we will look at next class