Nobel Prize 2022 Ceremony Highlights | Stockholm Full Event

[00:00:00]and we are waiting for the Swedish royal family to arrive and of course uh this year's laureates who will take a seat up on the podium but unlike normal years we'll also have lawyers from 2020 and 2021 on stage and here in the audience we have uh their family but also a prominent guest from the different price giving institutions these are the chairs where the Swedish royal family will be seated and up on the podium as well then uh laureates from the last three years 20 20 21 and 22.

[00:00:42]in normal year the laureates get to bring their partner and 14 guests well that wouldn't work this year so now in practice they can bring 10 guests there's about the seating for a little bit more than 1500 guests here in the Stockholm Concert Hall one of the laureates that will receive his prize this year is actually back again chemistry Lord Paris sharpless is here for the second time as a Laureate we will hear music from the Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra and also a special piece that will Premiere which is uh to uh the honor of the laureates of 2020 and 21 who couldn't come here the music is the Philharmonic are are with this year's conductor Emilia huving who is one of the most promising young Finnish conductors and soloist Hana husar the soprano that we saw in picture there the flowers this year do not actually come from San riemo as they usually do the Italian city where Alfred Nobel lived his last years the pandemic messed up the logistics a bit but the Nobel Foundation says that contacts with summary will continue so flowers this year are imported from the Netherlands I believe and the decorations have taken four days to set up by head florist hillian Magnuson the behind the Nobel bust we see here we find Fern monstera and Ivy consideration has been given to sustainability Nature's Greenery along the sides there is among other flowers cushion and and Greenery cushion moss and Scandinavian reindeer lichen and red cut flowers such as carnations gloriosa amaranthus and anthurium the number of laureates participating in the Nobel week varies from year to year we have had some anniversaries like 2001 when the price turned 100 where all laureates who had ever received the price were invited excluding the the special anniversary years 2022 will see the highest ever number of Nobel Prize laureates participating in the Nobel week and everything this will start the ceremony will start when the Swedish royal family enters the room here we see pictures of uh party leaders from the Swedish political parties and we also have members of the government and the Diplomatic Corps uh attending this prize ceremony members of Swedish business community and more High more politicians sitting here all waiting for the ceremony to commence the laureates will not only receive a diploma which is a unique work of art created by former Swedish and Norwegian artists and calligraphers the Nobel Prize medals will also be handed over alongside the diploma from the hands of the his majesty the king and then medals are handmade with careful position in 18 karat recycled gold and of course there's a little sum of money as well that they can walk away with 10 million Swedish Kroner which is uh about a million dollars or Euros roughly and here we have prints called Philip and Princess Sofia first ones from the royal family to enter the concert hall so now it shouldn't be more than a minute or so before the royal family uh King Cole Gustav and queen Sylvia enter the room together with Crown Princess Victoria and uh Daniel [Music] foreign [Music] the King's Song and now to the tunes of music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart we will have the laureates entering on stage [Music] foreign [Music] [Applause] [Music] foreign foreign [Music] physics [Music] 22 professors [Music] foreign [Music] this year's laureates we see the words from previous years [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] thank you right [Music] right your Royal highnesses your majesties your Royal highnesses esteemed Nobel laureates ladies and gentlemen on behalf of the Nobel Foundation it's a great pleasure for me to welcome you all to this year's Nobel Prize award ceremony in particular I wish to welcome the Nobel Prize laureates from 2022 as well as the two previous years and their families this year is special since the coronavirus pandemic prevented us from holding regular festivities just to last years we are now all the happier this year to see the stage filled with Nobel Prize laureates this gives us a tremendous opportunity to celebrate science and culture and we are very glad to see you all here in Stockholm earlier today in Oslo the prisoner of conscience and human rights Advocate from Belarus and the Russian human rights organization Memorial and the Ukrainian human rights organization Center for civil liberties received this year's Nobel Peace Prize for many years they have promoted the right to criticize those in power and to protect the fundamental rights of citizens emphasizing the significance of Civil Society for peace and democracy in Oslo in Stockholm we need to get today at a time when freedom is in Decline globally when there is war in Europe even with the Specter of nuclear weapons with dramatic energy and food crisis across the world with glaring discrimination social and economic inequality and accelerating climate change which requires the Urgent scaling up of solutions facing this multitude of Crisis and challenges the world needs dedicated scientists who relentlessly seek the truth and push the boundaries of our knowledge and the world needs those individuals and groups which at a great personal sacrifice challenge authorities in Pursuit Of Peace democracy and human rights the domain price is awarded to individuals for concrete achievements in science literature and peace but with a higher shared purpose their benefit to humankind Nobel Prize laureates are part of a community which has in profound ways changed the world they demonstrate the capacity we have as human beings to shape our own destiny as such the Nobel Prize it's laureates and their achievements are a tremendous source of inspiration and hope which today is needed more than ever and the universal ambition to serve the benefit of human can is also needed more than ever this is our guiding star when the Nobel foundation will generate support from the ireling passion foundation and the Knute and Alice Valley by Foundation now prepares for the future Nobel Center a house for science culture and dialogue to be located at Slauson here in Stockholm in his will Alfred Nobel is directed that the prices be awarded to those who had conferred the greatest benefit to humankind regardless of nationality this was Radical and Visionary in the late 19th century an era marked by nationalism a phenomenon which sadly is on the offensive in many countries even today but time has proven Alfred nobel's Vision to be powerful it is indeed the open exchange between countries and cultures that promotes human Progress free science free culture humanism and internationalism today we are celebrating the 2022 Nobel prizes they are being awarded for scientific breakthroughs that spans from intricate and mind-boggling evidence that particles can be entangled despite being at a far distance from each other to elegant solutions to simplify chemical reactions by click chemistry facilitating the synthesis of medicines and allowing the monitoring of biological processes in living cells to insights in how to minimize the risks for financial crisis Antioch analysis of extinct ominous which have given us invaluable information about human evolution we also celebrate the literature which uncovers the roots estrangements and Collective restraints of personal memory allow me to close by addressing all the laureates from 2020 and 2021 absent or present I would like to All Join Me Now in honoring the law rates of 2020 who have joined us here today physics Reinhard gansel and Andrea giese chemistry Emmanuel charpontier and Jennifer dudna physiology or medicine Harvey Alter and Charles Rice economic Sciences Paul Milgram and the low rates of 2021 physics Giorgio Parisi chemistry Benjamin list and David Macmillan physiology or medicine David Julius and Arden pataputyan literature [Applause] and economic Sciences Joshua angerist and Guido infants thank you I am delighted to announce that the Nobel Foundation has commissioned a musical piece especially for these laureates I invite you all to enjoy the world premiere of Laos kanticum a song of Praise by the Swedish composer Andrea tarode we thank Professor col Henry kaldin the chairman of the board of the Nobel Foundation [Music] thank you [Music] foreign foreign [Music] right [Music] now [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] thank you thank you [Music] that was a well the premiere of Swedish composer Andrea taroti's song of Praise dedicated to the laureates of 2020 and 21.

[00:24:55]she could not come here then due to the pandemic now it's time for this year's prize presentation when it comes to the physics prize your majesty is your Royal highnesses esteemed Nobel Prize low rates ladies and gentlemen this year's Nobel Prize is dedicated to Quantum Mechanics Albert Einstein Niels Bohr and Irvin schradinger all thought about quantum mechanics in 1935 Einstein challenged quantum mechanics and argued that although correct it's not a complete theory he thought there has to be an underlying structure of quantum mechanics that had not so far revealed itself but Bohr on the other hand he did he defended the theory and argued that it was complete finally schradinger concluded that entanglement between two particles with the common past was the characteristic trait of quantum mechanics most physicists is cited with boar and noted Schrodinger's characterization of entanglement but mostly they were not that interested they were too busy applying quantum mechanics to real world problems both a fundamental character and for practical applications several of these fractionaries or quantum mechanics would eventually receive the Nobel pricing physics and many of the things we today take for granted such as stream television fast internet mobile phones and a plethora of a medical diagnostic tools all have the origins in quantum mechanics indeed the lower rates are 2020 and 2021 Roger Penrose Reina again said Andrea guest Klaus hustleman and Giorgio Parisi are no exceptions while the world move on a few physicists continue to think about the foundation of quantum mechanics in 1964 John Stewart Bell invented a mathematical formula Bell's inequality which pointed to a way to experimental resolve the conflict between Einstein and ball most physicists did not pay attention why bother with the foundational problem or quantum mechanics that would have no practical consequences from their perspective the theory worked it had been well established in textbooks and told that Universe the universities for decade although it was recognized that quantum entangle entanglement was inelusive and hard to understand trait of quantum mechanics few realized what it should be good for John clauser also a different opinion when he heard about Bell's inequality he became obsessed with how to experimentally test it he left his main research Direction and working with the jungle colleague named Stuart Friedman managed to perform the very first experimental test of balance inequality they're experimental effort 50 years ago down on a showstring budget showed that quantum mechanics violated by balancing equality and that quantum mechanics correctly predicted the outcome of their experiment sadly negative Bell nor Friedman or is still with us today John klauser's experiment appeared convincing and suggested that Bohr was more correct than Einstein but Bell realized that there were few shortcomings in clauser's experiment shortcomings that seemed almost impossible to overcome it is now that Allen Aspire entered the scene together with colleagues in France he managed to overcome these shortcomings and perform the series of experiments that were broadly recognized these experiments were even highlighted in Swedish newspapers although sometimes stretched well beyond their actual results the experimental test ability inequality now entered a new era thanks to Anton seilinger and his collab collaborators while silinger and others continued to close some remaining locals in the closer and Australia experiments even more importantly they demonstrated how The elusive concept of quantum entanglement can be useful this was a giant leap from tiling as Austrian predecessor Schrodinger and it is remarkable how the circle began in Austria and was closed in Austria we have entered a second quantum Revolution Professor aspire Dr klauser and Professor seilinger you have been awarded a 2022 Nobel Prize in physics for experiments with entangled photons establishing the violation of Bell's inequalities and pioneering Quantum information science it is an honor and a privilege to convey to you on behalf of the royal Swedish Academy of Sciences our warmest congratulations may I now please ask you to step forward and receive your prize from his majesty decay first French physicist to receive his third of this year's physics prize [Music] [Applause] and then American Laureate John closer receiving the diploma and the Nobel medal from his majesty the king [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] and as we heard the loop is closed Anthony from Austria receives his prize no [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] for moving on to chemistry some musical entertainment now Cortez from the petite Suite by Claude Debussy [Music] thank you [Music] foreign [Music] thank you [Music] [Applause] [Music] foreign [Music] foreign [Music] foreign chemistry by professor uluff romstrom your majesties your Royal Highness is esteemed Nobel Prize laureates esteemed Nobel laureates in 2020 and 2021 distinguished colleagues ladies and gentlemen chemistry can be hard sometimes really hard and one reason for this is the somewhat somewhat wild behavior of atoms and molecules and the complexity of the environments where they are located oftentimes the compounds resist many Brave attempts to tame them to study them and to use them for our various purposes however thanks to our laureates we now have tools that makes that make this difficult task easier instead of tempering the molecules arduously persuading them to make the intended connections which many chemists are indeed very very good at doing what about an alternative route rather than tailoring every specific connection to perfection we could use a simpler more straightforward approach based on very robust ways to make such connections such chemistry would be so efficient and selective that it would work almost everywhere without complications this type of connection chemistry does not come easy but around the turn of the Millennium both modern male doll and very sharpless discovered a very robust chemical reaction that worked in this very straightforward way by allowing an East Side to react with an alkyne in the presence of copper a new molecule a so-called triasol was very efficiently formed it was as if the two partner molecules the a side and the alkyne were a perfect match but needed a little help to find each other copper ion then acted as a Matchmaker and made the two a pair in a sense it just said click the sober click and the two were United very sharpless called this type of robust chemistry click chemistry and the reaction is sometimes called the click reaction he envisaged that even rather complex structures could be assembled with such reactions at around the same time Carolyn bertozi was studying the very very complex world of glycans sugar structures often present on Cell surfaces to achieve this she developed robust and very efficient click type chemistry also based on a sites that could be performed directly in living systems the reactions had to be highly selective and not interfere with the myriads of compounds and reactions taking place in such systems she called This by orthogonal chemistry and was able to use this to follow the fates of the glycans and decipher intricate biological processes the achievements and discoveries of our laureates have had enormous influence on our society through the development of inspirational Concepts and highly efficient methods the laureates have enhanced our capabilities and considerably deepened and widen our knowledge and understanding their remarkable chemistry have spurred intense activity across many different areas which has resulted in a wealth of new highly important accomplishments Carolyn bertosi Morton male doll Barry sharpness you have made groundbreaking discoveries in chemistry that have led to the development of Click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry this is a truly great achievement for the benefit of humankind on behalf of the royal Swedish Academy of Sciences I wish to convey to you our warmest congratulations may I now ask you to step forward and receive your Nobel prizes from the hands of his majesty the king first American chemist Carolyn batozzi who works at Stanford [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] thank you then Danish chemist Morton meldal affiliated with the University of Copenhagen [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] thank you tearful moment and finally American chemist Parish sharpless who was here already in 2001 receiving a Nobel Prize for his work on Purely catalyzed oxidation reactions he is now one of the five persons ever who has received the prize more than once [Music] [Applause] [Music] now some fine music by Edvard Greek we will be hearing the soul of ice song from packing [Music] foreign [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] thank you [Music] we see [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] together [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] [Applause] [Music] thank you and there the piece is over it's always song from peregint I composer evergreek and soloist was a soprano Hana hussar is it performed by the Royal Philharmonic your majesties your Royal highnesses esteemed Nobel laureates ladies and gentlemen who are we and where do we come from questions such as these have long intrigued Humanity everything living leaves traces through history ancient Bones have long been studied but detailed questions on how we are related cannot be answered in this way DNA provided new possibilities DNA holds the code of life gradual changes to this code form the basis of evolution and remain in our DNA as traces from our ancestors by comparing DNA we can understand relationships between life forms and individuals from an early age was fascinated by ancient human history doing studies in Immunology he saw new possibilities and in secret he studied Egyptian mummies with the latest DNA Technologies his results Drew attention around the world but challenges were soon obvious ancient DNA cannot be easily captured even with the most advanced technology Pebble therefore embarked on a journey towards stringency and structure through deep knowledge on DNA biochemistry combined with technological Brilliance persistence passion and collegiality a new scientific discipline was born paleo genomics finally he was ready for his ultimate Challenge the Genome of our closest extinct relative the neanderthal by using new high throughput sequencing technology and by coordinating an international Consortium for data analysis Pebble achieved the seemingly impossible analysis of the full Neanderthal genome sequence Homo sapiens developed in Africa migrated out and lived side by side with neanderthals who had adapted to the Eurasian continent for hundreds of thousands of years thanks to parbo's discoveries fundamental questions could be addressed and astonishing facts were revealed Homo sapiens and Neanderthals had children together and we carry genes from our extinct relatives that affect us to this day influencing for example how we react to infections pebu also made The Sensational discovery of a new hominin by analysis of DNA from a tiny finger bone the newly discovered denisova also left genetic traces that affect us today svanteperebus discoveries allow us to address one of the most fundamental questions of all what makes us unique like us neanderthals had big brains they lived in groups and they used tools but these changed very little during hundreds of thousands of years until the Neanderthals for unclear reasons disappeared Homo sapiens on the other hand rapidly developed complex cultures figurative art and advanced Innovations they crossed open Waters and spread to all parts of our planet something happened that gave us new abilities answers must lie in genetic changes that occurred after we separated not so long ago thanks to pebble's seminal discoveries genetic variants that are shared among all now living humans but absent in neanderthals and beneficials have been identified understanding their functional implications is an exciting Challenge and a focus of svantependence current research and I want to honor the Nobel laureates from 2020 and 2021 Harvey Alter Michael Houghton and Charles Rice for the discovery of hepatitis C virus David Julius and Arden pataputyan for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch your groundbreaking discoveries open the window to our ancient past with unexpected implications the genomes of our closest extinct relatives provide a novel much more recent reference points for studies of who we are and where we came from it takes more than genetics to understand what it is to be human you have provided a solid biological foundation for further explorations of this fundamental question on behalf of the Nobel assembly at Caroline Sky Institute it is my great privilege to convey to you our warmest congratulations I now ask you to step forward to to receive the Nobel Prize from the hands of his majesty the king to this speech by Professor anavadel it's time for Swedish laureates to receive the prize he's head of the Department of evolutionary genetics foreign [Applause] Juliet's vaults Arya from Romeo and Juliet by Char Kuno [Music] [Music] [Music] be here [Music] [Music] 53 yes [Music] [Music] thank you [Music] [Music] Christmas [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] thank you [Music] [Applause] foreign [Music] [Applause] [Music] foreign happy French music leading up to the presentation of the Nobel Prize in literature we will hear a speech presentation by Professor Anderson member of the Swedish Academy chairman of the Nobel committee for literature foreign [Music] ladies and gentlemen there is a question that increasingly occupies contemporary literature what does writing about one's own life signify where is the delineation between fiction and reality if you have tackled the issue with the commitment of aniano hello eternity she determined early on to rehabilitate the social class she Rose from Attack driving her is a force and a demand for justice but instead of emulating the poet's language of imagination to transfigure reality she chose a different path foreign language is a means to dispel the Fogo memory and a knife to uncover the real [Music] in the little Normandy community of give it to a work of reconstruction it means has endured in her writing foreign it's not but I know soon abandon her fictional devices she has said that her debut work could equally have been called getting rid of it her maiden name this is revelatory regarding her Ambitions always right autobiographically in a wider sense setting the ego in a larger social and historical context in her most elaborated work the years it results in what has been called Collective autobiography and Collective Britain in the first person and by her own life story fuses with the development of French society over six decades breakthrough came with a man's place in 1983.

[01:00:48]a masterful portrait of a father and a working-class background that marked him the book could be written only from the other side of the class barrier she was forced to transgress to become the righteous she is the language is as received with the father's simple phrases seemingly engraved in the strictly factual text then whose vision is double aware to what she has witnessed as a daughter but also revealing the distance she has with time accrued in a woman's story she writes about her mother in prose as harsh as it is perceptive as later in lutrophy about the sister who died young of diphtheria before Annie knew her and never spoke of by the parents then I'm actually it's extraordinary book written in the form of a letter to her sister Bears a strong inner drama wherein erno tries to reconcile the absence of a sister writing is restrained with feelings and expressions of emotion but passion pulses beneath the surface relentlessly exposes the shame that penetrates class experience this occurs in shame where her father's situation is exposed in scenes that are as suffused with violence as they are humility and from another Direction in her depiction of her illegal abortion at the age of 23 in happening it's almost so devastating in its succinctness and controlled rage that will be impossible to talk about that make the Gaze of the other unbearable and unrelenting gays and a plain style or anyone knows characteristics and that she succeeds in making her pain relevant to Allah while asking you to step forward to receive from the hand of his majesty the king the queen of Nobel Prize in literature [Music] [Applause] [Music] thank you [Applause] okay foreign [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] [Applause] thank you [Music] thank you [Music] [Applause] [Music] foreign [Music] foreign [Music] music from Finnish composer Ida mubari to amongst other things was engaging women's rights right and now time for the economics prize the royal highnesses esteemed laureates esteemed laureates in economic Sciences 2020 and 2021 ladies and gentlemen for thousands of years the roofs of fine castles and churches have been plated with copper both the concert hall where we are now and the City Hall where we shall die in and dance have copper rooftops but before the party starts please join me on a journey to the Past we land in Stockholm almost 400 years ago in 1624 Sweden is the champion of copper production since the government wants a higher copper price it launches the copper coin two decades later wanting to raise the value of copper once more the government introduces the copper plate coin instead of using silver for big payments the government urges the use of large minted copper plates the ten dollar plate weighs almost 20 kilos it is the bulkiness of the copper currency that breaks the resistance to banking in 1657 Stockholm Banco is open for business for the first time Swedish Merchants can deposit their currency in a bank and settle payments with a stroke of a pen no longer need they break their backs carrying heavy copper plates around the city soon the borrowers are even happier than the depositors Stockholm's Banco stunt starts to land at better terms than Stockholm's traditional money Landers but already in 1660 Stockholm Banco experiences its First Bank Run the government triggers the run when it suddenly decides to Mint new lighter copper plates since older plates with the same dollar imprint have a higher copper value depositors rush to get their old plates back before someone else does the bank must halt Landing to the distress of borrowers seeking to extend their loans many of them must sell assets at fire sale prices after a second run a few years later the bank goes under what to do can't deposit banks lend liberally without risking a financial crisis Sweden's solution is to start a new bank governed by the parliament in 1668 with Deep Pockets and at arm's length from the government the World's First Central Bank is born from 1668 let us destroyed 315 years ahead in 1983 Douglas diamond and Philip divig developed a fundamental theory of banking and Bank runs the theory says that any ideal Financial arrangement promises each saver instant access to her funds yet channels most of these funds to long-term projects however the ideal Arrangement is fragile just like Stockholm Banco preventing Bank runs requires public regulation such as Deposit Insurance and Emergency Loan facilities the very same year Ben Bernanke discovers how bank failures affected the Great Depression in the 1930s his analysis of historical records and economic statistics reveals that bank failures were costly mainly because of broken ties between lenders and Borrowers not because the money supply fell as we believed before their professors Bernanke diamond and debris when the great financial crisis hit us 14 years ago your theories were Vindicated where the banking system was more robust and better regulated the crisis became Milder recent reforms bear the imprint of your lessons just as copper rooftops Shield us from bad weather these good laws will shield us from Financial storms it is an honor and a privilege for me to convey to you on behalf of the royal Swedish Academy of Sciences our warmest congratulations may I now please ask you to step forward and receive your price from his majesty the king and his speech was by Professor Tori Ellingson chairman of the committee for the price in economic Sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel that was actually instituted by the Swedish Central Bank in 1968 and first Laureate to receive this year's economics prize is Ben Bernanke also known as a former Central Banker himself [Music] foreign Professor Douglas diamond from University of Chicago Bull School of economics [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] and Philip dibig who works and lives in St Louis United States one of his favorite pastimes is playing music [Applause] [Music] and working hard [Applause] a proud moment for the three of them I'm sure [Applause] and this was the last prize to be [Music] Swedish natural [Music] foreign [Music] [Applause] [Music] foreign [Music] [Applause] [Music] national anthem the last Musical piece we will hear is the queen of sheba's festivity March played while the guests are leaving the auditorium [Music] foreign [Music] foreign [Music] foreign foreign thank you foreign