Isomerism in Coordination Compounds Explained | Types of Isomerism

[00:00:00]isomerism and coordination compounds well isomerism and coordination compound is divided into two types structural isomerism and stereo isomerism structural isomerism is further divided into four types ionization isomerism hydrate isomerism linkage isomerism and coordination isomerism while stereo isomerism is divided into two types geometrical isomerism and Optical isomerism now we will learn four types of structural isomerism we know that isomers have same molecular formula but different structural formula now the first type of structural isomerism is ionization isomerism let consider this coordination compound now if I dissolve this disc coordination compound in water it will dissociate into positive ion plus sulfate ion now listen carefully we know that sulfate is a counter ion and bromine is a liant now I interchange the liand and counter ion I get a second coordination compound here bromine is acting as a counter ion and sulfate is acting as a liand now I dissolve this coordination compound in water it dissociates into positive ion plus bromite ion we can see that these both compounds have same molecular formula but in water they give different ions I mean this coordination compound give sulfate ion while this coordination compound give bromite ion du to different ions we call these two compounds as ionization isomers so these two isomers are ionization isomers therefore we Define ionization isomerism as the coordination compounds which give different ions in the solution are called ionization isomers let me repeat it the coordination compounds which give different ions in the solution are called ionization isomers the easy trick to learn ionization isomers is interchange counter ion to legand and legand to counter ion now consider this mcqs these two are Dash isomers we can see that here chlorine is acting as a counter ion and bromine is acting as a Lian and while in the second compound bromine is acting as a counter ion while chlorine is acting as a legant they both have same molecular formula but in solution they will give different ions so they are ionization isomers hence noted down this first type of structural isomerism now the second type of structural isomerism is hydrate isomerism let consider these three coordination compounds we can see that they have same molecular formula but they have different structural formula I mean in the first coordination compound we can see that there are six water molecule present in coordination sphere and the second coordination compound we can see that there are five water molecule present in coordination sphere in the third coordination compound we can see that there are four water molecule present in coordination sphere so we say that they have different number of water molecules in coordination sphere such isomers are called hydrate isomers so these three isomers are known as hydrate isomers therefore we Define hydrate isomerism as isomers arises due to difference in position of water molecules inside and outside the coordination sphere are called hydrate isomers let me repeat it isomer arises due to difference in position of water molecules inside and outside the coordination sphere are called hydrate isomers so this is the second type of structural isomerism now we will learn the third type of structural isomerism which is linkage isomerism firstly we will learn about ambident we know that the liand that can attack through two different sides are called ambidentate for example consider NO2 this Lian can attack from nitrogen side if it attacks from nitrogen side it is known as nitr to n secondly this liand can attack from oxygen side if it attacks from oxygen side it is known as nit2 secondly consider scn this liand can attack from sulfur side if this liand attack from sulfur side it is known as thos n2s this Li can also attack from from nitrogen side if it attacks from nitrogen side it is known as T2 n hence noted down this basic concept of edentate now consider these two coordination compounds we can see that they have same molecular formula and same structural formula but mode of legands attachment is different let me repeat it mode of liand attachment is different I mean in the first coordination compound the donor atom is oxygen are nitr to O and the second coordination compound the donor atom is nitrogen are nitri to n so such type of isomers are called linkage isomers similarly consider these two coordination compounds we can see that they have same molecular formula same structural formula but mode of liand attachment is different I mean in the first coordination compound the donor atom is sulfur or thoso S and the second coordination compound the donor atom is n Aros to n so these two isomers are linkage isomers therefore we Define linkage isomerism as the coordination compounds in which the donor atom of the lians are different are called linkage isomerism let me repeat it the coordination compounds in which the donor atom of the lians are different are called linkage isomerism hence noted down this third type of structural isomerism now we will learn the final and fourth type of structural isomerism which is coordination isomerism the easy trick to learn coordination isomerism is that they always have two brackets for example consider this coordination compound in the first coordination sphere the metal atom is zinc and the second coordination sphere the metal atom is copper now I will switch the metal atoms between these two complex ions let me repeat it I will switch the metal atoms between these two complex ions I mean I replace copper by zinc and I replace zinc by copper I get copper NH3 whole 4 zinc cl4 now these two isomers are called coordination isomers secondly consider this coordination compound and form its coordination is well we can see that here the metal atom is iron while here the metal atom is cobal I will just switch the metal ion between the two coordination spheres I get cobalt NH3 whole 6 iron CN whole 6 now these two isomers are called coordination isomers therefore we Define coordination is isomerism is isomers formed by switching the metal atoms between the two complex ions are called coordination isomers let me repeat it isomers formed by switching the metals between the two complex ions are called coordination isomers just noted down these four types of structural isomerism now we will learn the two types of stereo isomerism remember that stereo isomerism have same molecular formula same structural formula but different spatial Arrangement the first type of stereo isomerism is geometrical isomerism we know that in geometrical isomerism we write two forms CIS form and transform when same legands are adjacent to one another it is called a as CIS form when Sam legands are opposite to one another it is called as transform for example consider this coordination compound now I write here Platinum there are two legands of chlorine I write here chlorine and chlorine there are two legs of NH3 I write here NH3 NH3 now listen carefully we can see that same legands like chlorine are adjacent to one another also same legands like NH3 are adjacent to one another so we call it SS form now I write here Platinum I write here chlorine now I write the second chlorine opposite to the first chlorine secondly I write here NH3 opposite to this NH3 I write here NH3 we can see that same legands like chlorine or NH3 are opposite to one another so it is a transform th these two isomers are known as geometrical isomerism secondly consider this coordination compound I write here Cobalt I write here NH3 NH3 NH3 and NH3 I write here chlorine and chlorine we can see that s ganss like NH3 are adjacent to one another so it is a CIS form now I write here Cal I write here NH3 NH3 opposite to these two NH3 I write here NH3 NH3 I write here chlorine opposite to this chlorine I write here chlorine we can see that same legands like chlorine are opposite to one another so it is a transform therefore we Define geometrical isomerism as coordination compounds that contain the same type of atoms and bonds but have different spatial arrangement of atoms are called geometrical isomerism let me repeat it coordination compounds that contain the same type of atoms and bonds have different special arrangement of atoms are called geometrical isomerism hence noted down this important type of isomerism finally let me teach you Optical isomerism remember that Optical isomers have same molecular formula same structural formula but they have different behaviors towards light Optical isomerism is possible in coordination compounds if they are optically active and they have nons superimposable image I always we te these two important conditions for optical isomerism and coordination compounds the first one is Optical activity for example consider this light source we know that bul produces light in all Direction such type of light is known as unpolarized light now I place nickol prism in front of this light the nickol prism will transfer the unpolarized light to polarized light let me repeat it the Nico prism will transfer unpolarized light to polarized light now I take polar meter I put solution of coordination compound in it if the polarimeter rotate the light and clockwise direction are in right side we say that this compound is text rotatory and we represent it by positive sign if the polarimeter rotate this compound in anticlockwise direction or in left direction we say that it is Le rotatory and we represent it by negative sign remember that in these both cases we say that compound is optically active the third possibility is that the polarimeter doeser doesn't rotate the light in clockwise or an anticlockwise Direction so we say that this compound is optically inactive and no Optical isomers will form thus remember that Optical isomerism is possible and compounds that are optically active while Optical isomerism is not possible in compounds that are optically inactive hence noted down on this basic concept of optical activity the second condition is nons superimposable image for example consider this object now I place mirror in front of it firstly I write here M now we can see that b is nearer to the mirror I write here B we can see that a is away from the mirror I write here a so this is the object and this is its image now I take the object and I place it here secondly I take the image of this object and I place it here we can see that object and its Mirror Image are different let me repeat it we can see that object and its Mirror Image are different so we say that they are nons super imposible remember that if object and its Mirror Image are different or they are nons superimposable image we call it they are also called aners so this object and its mirror image is also known as enumer now consider this coordination compound I write here Platinum I write bromine pyodine chlorine iodine NH3 NO2 now I place mirror in front of this image firstly I write here Platinum now brine is present in up position I write here brine as it is iodine is present at bottom position I write iodine as it is now we can see that NO2 is nearer to the Mirror I write here NO2 NH3 is nearer to the mirror I write here NH3 pyodine is away from the mirror I write here pyodine chlorine is away from the mirror I write here chlorine let this is dextro are positive then it is Leo and negative we know that this is object and it is its image so they both are iners because they are nons superimposable image so Optical isomerism is possible in this coordination compound if you want to learn my personal trick to find geometrical isomerism and Optical isomerism in coordination compounds watch my lecture and its link is given in the description