Global History Regents Review: Jan 2024 MCQ Explained by Mr. Cellini

[00:00:00][Music] okay folks So today we're going to take a look at the multiple choice section from the global history regions that was given in January 2024 all right so let's get right into it so questions one and two pertain to this Source called the Memoirs of the Duke de sa Simone and uh one thing I like to do first because this doesn't really give me a clue about what this source is discussing so I'm going to take a quick look at the questions CU that might give me a hint and I see in question number one here that it's asking me about King Louis the 14th so I'm thinking that this source is probably going to be about France in uh the decades before the French Revolution so let's take a look together he loved Splendor magnificence and profusion in all things and encouraged similar tastes in his court the court is like the place where the king conducts his business inside the castle or Palace to spend money freely on equipages meaning car mares and buildings on feasting and at cards was a sure way to gain his favor perhaps to obtain the honor of a word from him so if you wanted to have a chat with the King and get on his good side you're going to have to spend some money you're going to have to express yourself in a very wealthy sort of way I guess you could say motives of policy had something to do with this by making expensive habits the fashion and for people in a certain position a necessity he compelled his courtier to live beyond their income and gradually reduce them to depend on his Bounty for the means of subsistence okay so basically the King was encouraging the the nobility and the people who were working for him inside the court to spend all their money on living this life of luxury because the king would not give them the time of day unless they did and if they're spending all their money on like living this life of luxury they're going to now be dependent on their King right they're not going to have the money NE necessary to kind of challenge the king's Authority so this was done intently this was the plague which once introduced became a Scourge to the whole country for it did not take long to spread to Paris and then to the armies and the provinces so that a man of any position is now estimated entirely according to his expenditure on his table and other luxuries okay so again we're going we're evaluating People based on how wealthy they look or how much money they spend okay and this was done again intently to make sure that the nobility was dependent on the king so that they didn't have the finances to challenge his authority this Folly sustained by pride and ostentation had already produced widespread confusion it threatens to end in nothing short of Ruin and a general overthrow right so maybe this policy long term of just spending so much money is going to come back and haunt the French government in the years to come so number one a historian right somebody who studies the past would would find this passage most useful for explaining King Louis the 14th's attempt to do what so number one is going to be our answer control the elite class right because the source discusses uh the nobility and the fact that we're going to use this policy of encouraging expenditures to kind of make them dependent on the king nobility is the elites there's nothing in the source about establishing trust within the court okay that would mean that the the nobility would trust the king to do the right thing I don't think we can infer that from The Source especially since at the bottom here it says that the policy threatened to end in disaster right a general overthrow so that doesn't sound to me like the nobility is trusting the king here provide Necessities to be self-sufficient right if you're self-sufficient you you don't have to depend on anybody well it the whole point of the source is to make sure that the nobility was dependent on the king so if they're dependent they're certainly not going to be self-sufficient so we cross off Choice number three and it says here in Choice four eliminate taxation on the poorer class classes this Source has nothing to do with the poor classes okay so a historian cannot learn about poorer classes from this source so we crossed that one off as well okay so again Choice number one always use process of elimination because if you did you could probably eliminate a couple of these really easily and get yourself down to maybe one or two potential answer choices let's take a look at question number two it says which claim is best supported by the evidence In this passage so Choice One says Court visits led to the spread of disease in Paris there's no evidence of disease spreading here in the source so we're going to cross off Choice number one choice two says Louis the 14th supported religious toleration again there's no evidence in the source of anything about religion so we cross off number two right so now I'm down to choices three and four get yourself down to two choices whenever you can so number three says King Louis the 14th's excessive spending had negative consequence es okay there is evidence to support Choice 3 so this is going to be our answer right the whole source is about excessive spending and again since it says at the bottom here that this policy threatens to kind of destroy France that's an example a specific example of a negative consequence so three is going to be our answer let's look at Choice four anyway though right absolutism in France promoted equality among the classes absolutism is this idea right that the King has total power over the government right there are no checks and balances so the source does discuss the absolute power of the king but there's nothing here about promoting equality between the social classes right I don't see the king and the nobility living in the same social class the king is certainly A Cut Above everybody else in the source right so we're going to cross off Choice number four so our best answer for number two is going to be choice three all right so question number three corresponds to this very short Source from Baron de monu it's going to be a good idea that you guys know your enlightenment philosophers and the things that they represented or the ideas that they put out to the world montue in particular was an Enlightenment philosopher who believed in separation of powers so very anti- absolutism right he did not want the the king to have the power to make the laws but also execute the laws and judge the laws right he thought that these should be separated into multiple branches of government which is what the American Constitution is based on right so now that we discussed montue this Source should be pretty easy to understand right in every government there are three sorts of power the legislative the executive in respect to things dependent on the law of Nations and the executive in regard to matters that depend on the civil law okay so again talking about different branches of government having different responsibilities so then again guys is going to make choice three our answer for question number three the separation of powers these other things are Enlightenment ideas consent of the governed more more or less kind of goes with John mocks ideas right the power of government should come from people giving permission to the government to take action right so it's another way of describing democracy basically natural laws are the the laws or rights that people are born with right so John Lock said that all people are born with life liberty and property if we relate this to like the Scientific Revolution a natural law would be like the law of gravity something that's always constant in the universe and social contract though that goes with um rouso right rouso was a person who said that people collectively create a government and collectively decide which rights to to protect and which rights to kind of curb in order to make sure that everyone is protected to some extent in this new government all right so again the only one that makes sense with montue here is separation of powers though okay but definitely know your Enlightenment ideas let's move on to questions four and five okay so this one is about the Ottomans so I'm assuming that the source is going to be the Ottoman Empire so let's take a look by the late 18th century so the 1700s the West had a clear if not wholly accurate perception of the Turks strengths and weaknesses the Turks meaning Turkish people right the Ottoman Empire was dominated by Turkish people they're the ones that ran the government they saw that the ottoman Army that gathered at Constantinople was only the most visible evidence for the vast resources that the sultan could command as the venetians shrewdly noted those are uh people from Italy the security of the Turkish lands depends first on the abundance it has of all the necessities of life so the venetians are basically saying that this Empire is successful because it has access to a lot of things a lot of Necessities probably probably things like natural resources right from the hinterland meaning the interior of Asia Europe and North Africa float a torrent of goods including wool leather Furs and camric through Constantinople opal food and spices from the Levant that's like modern day Palestine textiles from Greece iron from Anatolia gold and precious stones from India and the Far East the Empire stood as arride meaning next to all the traditional trade routs from east to west and controlled a coastline of more than 3,000 miles which encompassed some of the greatest ports of the Mediterranean Alexandria and Tripoli those are in North Africa even the great Christian centers like Ragusa Genoa and Venice although past their Peak traded with the Ottomans more regularly than they fought with them and were integrated into the ottoman Trade Network So based on the passage which claim is most plausible so what which one of these four things can I prove to be true using this Source let's look at Choice number one here it says Europeans had no awareness of the Ottomans strengths and weaknesses well this can't be true because they're talking about how the venetians knew how great and wonderful the Ottomans were venetians are Europeans okay so it might be helpful to know that okay Choice two will be our answer but let's take a look at choice three traditional Islamic society was undermined by the Ottomans advances and Technology The Source doesn't discuss anything about traditional ideas and beliefs being undermined by new technologies there's no new technologies in the source so I can't prove that to be true using the source right choice 4 says the Ottomans ruled through intimidation and fear nothing in the source about ruling with intimidation and fear it's just about geography access to trade access to resources access to products so we're crossing off Choice 4 so Choice two will be our answer the Ottomans maintained political and economic stability over a vast region there's plenty of evidence for this in the source right the fact that the Ottomans maintained trade networks over Asia Europe and North Africa and got products from those places suggests a vast region over which the Ottomans had economic control other evidence is the fact that the Ottomans controlled a coastline of more than 3,000 miles okay so these two pieces of evidence can help us prove that choice two is our best answer okay question number five the author's purpose in writing this passage was two okay when we see purpose just like a crq question they're basically asking why did the author write this piece right what what was the mission if you will so Choice One says to demonstrate the advantages of state sponsored religions we you should probably know what a religion is right but state sponsored religion means the the government itself is promoting one religion maybe over other ones right they have a goal of maybe converting people to one specific religion there's nothing in the source about religion okay so I can't make a claim that the author was trying to teach people about the advantages of religion there's nothing here about religion can't do it right look at choice three describe the causes of the Ottomans military success there's nothing here about combat there's nothing here about Warfare so I don't think the author is looking to describe military success using this Source right that's not the goal of the author Choice Force says illustrate the importance of technology to an Empire's development again if the source does not talk about the technology I can't prove that one I can't use that one right I can't say that the author's mission in writing the source was to show technology can't pick that because there's no technology here right so Choice two is going to be our answer explain the impact of strategic location on the Ottoman Empire I would say strategic location means you're kind of putting your Empire in a position to be successful because you have access to trade networks or maybe you situate yourself in a place where there are maybe natural barriers to protect you from invasions from other places there is evidence in the source to support that the Ottomans had a strategic location right what's the evidence you might say is the fact that the Empire stood a stride meaning next to all the traditional trade routs from east to west meaning it's next to trade in the Mediterranean Sea it's next to the traditional Overland Silk Road trade networks that stretch from East Asia all the way to Europe right so that's smack dab in the middle of all these great things that's going to contribute to the prosperity of the Ottomans making it a strategic location so questions six and seven correspond with the source by Simone Bolivar called address to Congress of angra written in 1819 Simone Bolivar should be a person that you remember from early in the school year as a person who liberated South America from Spanish rule kind of playing up this idea of nationalism in an attempt to overthrow the Spanish but let's take a look at this source by casting a glance over the past we shall see what is the basic element of the Republic of Venezuela Venezuela is part of South America part of the region that Simon Bolivar liberated America on becoming separated from the Spanish monarchy found itself like the Roman Empire when that enormous Mass fell to pieces in the midst of the ancient world so he's kind of comparing the Americas to what happened to Rome um once Rome fell apart each dismembered portion formed then an independent nation in accordance with its situation or its interests right so in Western Europe after Rome fell you didn't have a large empire anymore you just had separate little independent kingdoms the difference being that those members established a new their former associations so even though there were separate independent Kingdoms in Europe they still had connections between each other a lot of times the royal families intermarried right a a king of Spain might also be the king of let's let's say the Netherlands for example okay so there was kind of a connection between the independent kingdoms even after the Roman Empire fell we do not so he's talking about South Americans now we do not even preserve the vestiges of what once we were we are not Europeans we are not indians meaning Native Americans in this context but an intermediate species between the Aborigines and the Spaniards so he's saying we meaning the people of South America are not Spanish right because they were mostly not born in Europe at this point and they're not native people this is a word he was using for indigenous people Americans by birth and Europeans in right we are placed in the Dilemma of disputing with the natives our titles of possession and maintaining ourselves in the country where we were born against the opposition of the Invaders so these people that are born in South America with like a European background are in a tough spot because they're competing with Europe for power and Independence over South America and they're also competing with Native Americans for the control over land so that's that's what he means by this intermediate group somewhere Someone caught in the middle of these two forces thus ours is a most extraordinary and complicated case moreover our part has always been purely a passive one our political existence has always been null and we find ourselves in Greater difficulties in attaining our Liberty than we ever had when we lived on a plane lower than servitude because we had been robbed not only of Liberty but also of an active and domestic tyranny allow me to explain this Paradox so the source does go on but it stops here on the Region's exam okay so this idea of political existence always been null meaning um the people born in South America to European parents we call those people Creoles right in the like the encomenda system maybe you remember that from early in the school year or maybe nth grade so again these people are born to Europeans so you'd think they would have a lot of power over their society but they really don't the Europeans were trolling the show right so Simone Bolivar has a problem with this so number six says which historical document most influenced the government of Venezuela as described In this passage so which one of these pieces of writing influenced the ideas that Simon Bolivar is talking about here in the source so let's work our way through these together so number one will be our answer let's go through the other ones Choice two says Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations okay this is a a work that was written during the enlightenment where Adam Smith is basically arguing in favor of lass Affair economics right pure unfettered capitalism this is not a source that has anything to do with capitalist ideas so we're going to cross off Choice number two right because capitalism did not influence the ideas of Simone Bolivar Mary walstone crafts a Vindication of the rights of woman Mary walstone craft was an Enlightenment philosopher as well kind of taking the ideas of John Lock and saying hey these should pertain to women as well this particular source is one where Mary wall stonecraft was arguing that women should also have the right to education this is not a source arguing for people having the right to education and certainly not talking about women specifically so I'm going to cross off Choice number three the Napoleonic Code was the code of laws developed by Napoleon while he was creating his Empire throughout Europe and it's basically him bringing the principles not all but many of the principles of the French Revolution to people far and wide throughout Europe so that doesn't really relate to to this particular Source I'm going to cross off Choice number four let's talk about why Choice One John Lock's two treatises of government is correct remember John Lock is the person from the enlightenment who argued for natural rights right people are born with life liberty and property John lock is also the philosopher who said if people are being denied their freedoms you have the right to overthrow that government there are passages or lines in the source that reflect that idea of John Lock right maintaining ourselves in the country where we were born against the opposition of the Invaders right so he's saying that they're defending their freedom against some kind of tyranny overseas right defending themselves against the Spanish so again this idea of rebelling against someone who is viewed as denying you of your Independence denying you freedom is an idea reflected in the source it's an idea of John lock so we're going to choose number one as our best answer here right also to this idea of an independent nation also reflects John Lock right separation from the Spanish monarchy right again demands for Independence and democ y that goes with John lock the best here so I'm going to choose Choice one for number six number seven so with a question again about about purpose the question is asking why did Simon bolivard write this what was his motive so look at Choice number one it's definitely not Choice one right to reestablish political connections with the mother country the mother country is Spain he doesn't want to be connected with Spain anymore right he wants to be separated from Spain he wants Independence he wants to get rid of the Invaders so we cross off Choice number one to promote economic diversity in South America nothing really here about economics so if there's nothing here about economics I can't make a claim that Simone bolar's Mission here was to explain economic diversity can't choose that one to uncover disloyal elements in Latin American society I don't think he's identifying anyone who's being disloyal to him so we cross off number three number four is the best answer and I know this is extremely difficult to identify obstacles to National Unity Simon Bolivar was a nationalist leader right and a and a key effect of nationalistic attitudes is this idea that people need to identify common bonds and come together and unify into larger countries or larger States because if you do that it makes the people who live there stronger as a group and when Simone Bolivar um liberated South America from Spain one of his missions was to basically create a United States of South America but this source is talking about the difficult ities that the South American people had in coming together right he says well in Western Europe after the fall of Rome yeah they were independent kingdoms but they still has some connections he's saying down in the middle and towards the bottom that it's too hard to have connections right because there are many different types of people who live here right you've got Native Americans you've got um the Creoles and he's saying basically that they have this dilemma of disputing with natives over the control of land that does not suggest cooperation between groups right I'm sure Simone Bolivar would have hoped for some kind of cooperation with natives but he also wanted to take control over a lot of land right so the fact that those two groups of people have different missions and are conflicting with each other suggests a problem with creating a United Country right because there are different people with different missions so these are obstacles meaning things that get in the way of unity inside the country so we're going to choose number four here this is a very very difficult question let's move on to the next set okay so this source is calls Article 4 Proclamation from the Chinese authorities Chinese repository 1839 so when I see China and I see 1839 I'm thinking it's the era of imperialism it's the era of the British trying to take control over parts of China or at least improve their trading relationship with China right and it's also the time period of the Opium War so with that in our heads let's take a look at this source for this reason we make proclamation to all the Gentry and Elders meaning upper class people here the shopkeepers and inhabitants of the outer Villages and hamlets along the coast for their full information so basically the government is issuing a statement to a lot of people living um in China pay you all immediate obedience here too meaning do what we say here right assemble yourselves together for consultation purchase arms and weapons join together the stoutest of your villagers and thus be prepared to defend yourselves right so I'm thinking if they're telling people to defend themselves and it's 1839 they're probably trying to defend themselves against the British during the Opium War right if any of the said foreigners be found going onshore to cause trouble all and every of the people are permitted to fire upon them to withstand and drive them back or to make prisoners of them so basically ordering Chinese people to shoot the foreigners if they set foot on Chinese soil they assuredly will never be able few in number to oppose the many right so they're they're saying with confidence here that China's huge right China has a lot of people there's no way that the Europeans can win unfortunately for the Chinese though the Europeans did win the Opium War right even when they land to take water from the Springs stop their progress so don't even let the British have water and let them not have it in their power to drink but so long as the said foreigners do not go on Shore you must not presume to go in boats near to their vessels causing in other ways disturbance which will surely draw on you severe investigations so don't even go on a boat out to the British ships to trade with them because that's going to look suspicious so let's take a look at questions eight and nine here which statement best describes the author's purpose in issuing this Proclamation this reg just loves to use the word purpose right so again what's the author's Mission well let's take a look at Choice number one to promote trade with foreigners absolutely not right the source is saying if you trade with the foreigners you're going to be investigated you're going to get into trouble it's definitely number two to encourage anti-western resistance right the westerners are the British that are doing the invading of China here and they're basically telling the Chinese the Chinese government is telling its people you better resist you better shoot the farmers when they come on your soil that sounds anti-western to me right let's look at three and four anyway though to begin modernization efforts there's nothing here about trying to modernize that'll come a little bit later in Chinese history right here this is a time period where Chinese I guess lack of modernization it's what got them into trouble right it's what allowed the British even though the British are a smaller country it's allowed it allowed the British to win because the British had industrialization and modernization going on right choice four to gain support for freshwater projects there nothing here about freshwater projects I don't really get where they found that answer choice right but number two is going to be our best answer number nine the actions described In this passage are most directly related to what the retreat of the Nationalist to Taiwan it's not going to be our answer that comes a lot later in Chinese history that's the result of a Chinese Civil War right the nationalists versus the Communists the Communists under ma zong chased the nationalists off the Chinese Mainland and they set up their own government in Taiwan which still exists today so that's not related to to this Source at all it's much later in history invasion of menuria can't be that one that's when the Japanese invaded China during World War II or the couple of years before World War II so that has nothing to do with this Source outbreak of the Opium War yep that's going to be our answer we got the time here we got China we got the Europeans um attacking the Chinese and choice four is going to be wrong right start of the Sino Japanese war that's the late 1800s when the Chinese and Japanese went to war and uh Japan got a sphere of influence inside of China that has nothing to do with this because that again happens way way later the Opium War is directly connected because that's the right time period right so choice three is going to be our answer for number nine before we continue if you could do me a favor and hit that like button and subscribe to this channel I'd really appreciate it it helps me get my content to more people and help them prepare for their Region's exams let's continue on all right so questions 10 and 11 correspond with this map finally a break from the reading right it says dates on map indicate the year territory is lost by the Ottoman Empire so another question set about the Ottomans so in this map we see just how big the Ottoman Empire was long ago right controlling land in Southeastern Europe North Africa the Middle East Southwest Asia and the years indicate when those areas became independent and by 193 all that's left of the Ottoman Empire is the dark gray here which is basically modern day Palestine um turkey itself Syria Iraq right places like that um so it's much smaller than it was at the peak of the Ottoman Empire So based on this map what was the significant challenge faced by the Ottoman Empire between 1800 and 1913 this is tough because it's basically asking you to provide a reason for why the empire was collapsing right rapid expansion led to high levels of inflation well we cannot choose that based on the map the map does not indicate anything about inflation happening inside this particular Empire so I can't choose number one here that's not correct choice three let's take a look addition of territories in Africa required a large military presence well it doesn't look like territories are being added it looks like territories are being lost so we're going to get rid of choice number three as well Choice four acquiring lands in Eastern Europe led to religious uprisings well I can't that might be true but I cannot prove that to be true using this map so we're going to cross off number four here so why is Choice number two correct nationalistic movements led to territorial losses well we see territorial losses in the answer choice and the map shows territorial losses so for that reason I could choose number two as my answer but this map also reflects nationalism happening right look at all these places inside the Greek Peninsula also referred to as the Bulan Peninsula right these are people who were largely Christian who saw themselves as being different from the Ottomans which was an Empire governed by Turkish Muslims so these groups of people broke away due to their nationalistic attitudes they had pride in their own nation and when you have pride in your own Nation you want to govern it yourself without the interference from other groups and that led to Independence movements in the Balan Peninsula and we see that here right these places became independent of Ottoman rule so for those reasons Choice 2 is going to be our best answer that's the only one that has something about territorial losses which is what the map is about so that's the best answer for number 10 which Claim about the Ottoman Empire is best supported by this map Choice one is our answer but we'll go through the others as well it had access to important waterways and bodies of water do we have evidence to support that you betcha right they had access to the Mediterranean Sea controlling much of the land around the Mediterranean Sea or much of the Mediterranean Basin if you will it had access to the Red Sea as we see down here access to the Black Sea as well even access to the Persian Gulf so many different waterways and bodies of water let's look at Choice number two it was carved from the Russian Federation so that answer Choice kind of implies that this Empire was once part of Russia and it kind of broke free and did its own thing well that's you can't choose that one because the Russian Federation or the Russian Empire is up there right that's a whole different region so we're going to cross off number two it lacked natural resources and warm water ports well C we can't really tell anything about natural resources here but we can we can reject this because they certainly had access to warm water ports right the Mediterranean Sea all these places on the Mediterranean were warm water ports meaning good for trade the Red Sea it's warm down here right it's the Middle East so they certainly had those things so we can't say that it lacked them it controlled the entire coast of the Mediterranean nope much of it but not all of it right there are areas over here in the Mediterranean that were not in the Ottoman Empire Italy being one of them right and Italy is not controlled by the Ottomans on this map so I can't choose number four so number one is our best answer let's keep going okay back to a long reading passage so this one is written by SE freed Sassoon this is a guy who comes up on the regions a lot usually he's presented with some kind of a poem that he's written and this is called finish with the war a solders declaration published in 1917 so when I see war and I see 1917 I know this is probably World War I because we know World War I happened between 1914 and 1918 so let's take a look at the source and see if my prediction came true seek fre says soon a British soldier sent the following letter to his commanding officer and refused to return to the trenches okay so now I know it's World War I right because the British are fighting in 1917 so they fought in World War I and trench warfare is associated with World War I right the letter was eventually read in the House of Commons and was published in local newspapers and the times of London so this was published in England I am making this statement as an act of willful Defiance of military Authority so this Soldier Sig freed sason was upset with the people who were in charge of the military because I believe that war is being deliberately prolonged by those who have the power to end it so he's saying the people in England could put the war to an end but they're continuing it for some reason right to prolong means to continue I am a soldier convinced that I am acting on behalf of soldiers I believe that this war upon which I entered as a war of defense and Liberation has now become a war of aggression and Conquest so this Soldier is saying that he thought he was joining a war to defend England and now it looks like the English are just continuing World War I to basically suit their own needs right to acquire new land that they didn't have before I believe that the purposes for which I and many fellow soldiers entered upon this war should have been so clearly stated as to have made it impossible to change them and that had this been done the objects which actuated us would now be attainable by negotiation so basically he's saying that the soldiers should have been told what the point of the war was I have seen and endured the sufferings of the troops and I can no longer be a party to prolong these sufferings for ends which I believe to be evil and unjust so he's basically saying these new motivations for continuing World War I you know acquiring more land it's not right right the men should not be sacrificed to to achieve this goal on behalf of those who are suffering now I make this protest against the deception which is being practiced on them also I believe that I may help to destroy the callous complacence with which the majority of those at home regard the continuance of agonies which they do not share and which they have not sufficient imagination to realize okay so he's basically trying to act on behalf of the soldiers who might not have the ability to defend themselves right now and protest against these decisions being made by the British government so which statement best describes this author's point of view so point of view is the author's position right the author's opinion so Choice One says world leaders continue the war to promote their interests well that sounds like the answer right they're continuing the war to acquire new lands right the source says become a war of aggression and Conquest so that sounds like pursuing the British interests right making Britain stronger so Choice one's our best answer here but let's look at the others soldiers never supported the war that cannot be correct right because this person joined the war voluntarily he said he did that right it says in the source that he entered the war because he thought it was a war of defense and Liberation meaning freeing people from oppression that that sounds to me like he supported the war at least initially so we cross off Number Two Soldiers did not support efforts to negotiate an end to the war no he's saying that he wants to negotiate an end to the war it says here it's attainable by negotiation that's what he wants so he is supporting efforts to negotiate so we can't choose that the soldiers did support that nationalism and patriotism increased as the war continued can't choose that one cuz it doesn't sound to me like he's being patriotic anymore right he's criticizing his own government if you're patriotic you're you're you're not doing that right you're supporting your government so I wouldn't call him nationalistic or patriotic so he cross off four therefore again our best answer is Choice number one for question number 12 let's look at 13 what was the purpose of the author's letter back to purpose again right what was the the mission of the author when he's writing this thing to promotee the goals of the British government no he's not promoting the goals of the government he's criticizing the goals of the government in the source right to improve his status as a British soldier I don't think he's doing this to suit his own interests right he's not looking to improve his status as a soldier he's done with the war now right and he's speaking out against it so I don't even think he's a soldier anymore so we can't choose number two to suggest ways to recruit soldiers nope the source says nothing about recruiting soldiers right he's telling soldiers to basically stop fighting that's like the opposite of recruitment so we can't choose three so number four is our best answer to explain his act of Civil Disobedience against the war how do I know this is true well you have to know what Civil Disobedience means right civil disobedience is another way of saying peaceful protest normally we associate that phrase with like people like I don't know Gandhi right who used Civil Disobedience to liberate India from British rule but the fact that he's publishing this anti-war letter is another form of peaceful protest so Civil Disobedience peaceful protest boom number four forward to question number 13 let's keep going all right so back to maps which is good right no reading on this one so questions 14 and 15 correspond with two maps of Africa map a says colonialism in Africa 1952 Matt B says Africa in 1975 colonialism is another word for imperialism right maybe you remember that unit of study in which uh your teacher probably described this as the Scramble for Africa when European countries realized that there were so many natural resources to be found here they all wanted a chunk of this so the Berlin Conference was held in 1884 to decide basically the the rules for colonization of Africa and to decide upon some boundaries remember no African people were invited to this meeting and they created new boundaries to suit the interests of the Europeans but when they did that they put together people that historically might have you know didn't maybe they didn't get along so well maybe you put together groups of Christians and Muslims and were expected to cooperate inside of a new place well when the Europeans went home sometimes these groups of people would now have conflict with each other leading to periods of Civil War which is a problem that faced Africa in the Years um since these places became independent right so that's just some backstory on African imperialism and uh decolonization if you will so the source here uh again we we talked about that already but let's take a look at the questions which historical event was a significant factor in bringing about the conditions shown on map a so which event created this situation in which these European countries had control over just about all of Africa not Ethiopia though right King menelik II of Ethiopia was able to bring modern weapons here to help defend Ethiopia from the Italians so they remained independent but most of these other places got colonized by the Europeans so which event contributed to that it's not the Great Leap Forward okay the Great Leap Forward is when maong was the communist leader of China and he was hoping to increase Agriculture and industrialization in China in the 1960s so that has nothing to do with a map of Africa so cross off Choice number one choice two the Berlin Conference is going to be our answer like I discussed before that was the meeting held in Europe to decide on the process by which Europeans will take this over so that makes the most sense establishment of the League of Nations that happens after World War I right which is an international peacekeeping organization that has nothing to do with a map of Africa right and this is not this doesn't represent peace this represents aggression so we cross off Choice number three formation of the World Trade Organization the World Trade organiz ation is an international organization designed to basically promote more free trade between countries to kind of eliminate trade barriers you know things like tariffs this has nothing to do with eliminating barriers to trade right this is just European colonization so we cross off number four Berlin Conference is the best answer for number 14 number 15 what best explains the differences in National boundaries shown on the two maps Okay so the national boundaries are certainly different between the two right you've got European style National boundaries in a lot of these places and now the Europeans are gone right so that's that's the difference in National boundaries so what caused those things new patterns of urbanization people moving to cities doesn't cause this Independence to happen right opposition to modernization opposing modernization would not lead to Africans becoming independent that makes no sense because modernization helps with Independence right choice 3 says the spread of nationalist movements that's going to be our answer for sure right nationalism is going to incre increase which means I want my country to be strong I want my people to be independent so if you want that again you don't want to be governed by somebody else so nationalism will increase and contribute to Independence movements in much of Africa which would explain these new boundaries of independent African countries as compared to map a choice 4 says the end of the Cold War that has nothing to do with changes in African boundaries that might explain maybe the changes in European boundaries after the end of the Cold War right when places become independent of the Soviet Union but again that has nothing to do with Africa that's more of a European thing so we cross off number four number three is our best answer let's keep going okay so questions 16 and 17 pertain to these sources about Ghana Ghana is a country in Africa that became independent so it says in the source information below these stamps here father of the nation ghanian nationalism internationalism and the political iconography of quame ncuma 1957 to 2010 African studies Cor okay so kwami ncuma is the person associated with Independence in Ghana so we see his face on these stamps right we often see political leaders on US stamps so this is not completely unheard of so here's a source from kwami ncuma from 1957 my cabinet have decided with my agreement to put my head on the coinage so we're going to put kwami neca's head on not just the stamps but also the coins in the country because many of my people cannot read or right they've got to be shown that they are really independent and they can only be shown by signs when they buy stamps they will see my picture an African like themselves and they will say look here is our leader on the stamps we are truly a free people so let's look at the questions here which statement is best supported by the evidence included in these documents I think this is a tough one in particular choice one says media and propaganda can be used to promote National goals that is our answer let's talk about why right media is like things in the news things on the internet propaganda is basically the government putting out images to kind of convince people of an idea or to brainwash people with an idea if they're using it for some kind of negative purpose and putting faces of leaders right faces of leaders of of places and the leaders looking all powerful and mighty as we see here right this guy looks like a person who led um an independence movement and his country and we're kind of glorifying his Rule and making him look great that's an example of propaganda it's not an evil example of propaganda right we don't it's not something like we see maybe in Nazi Germany but it's certainly propaganda nonetheless so Choice one is going to be our answer let's take a look at Choice two dictatorships lead to rebellions and nationalist struggles there's nothing here about rebellions right it just says we we're successful we won Independence so let's make people aware of it government sponsored a agricultural programs are necessary can't choose that based on the sources right there's nothing here about agriculture it's not supported by what we see evidence-wise Choice four citizens should have freedom to travel and trade with anybody that might be something that kwami neuma wanted but it's not in the source right it's saying what is supported by the evidence in the sources can't choose it but I do see maybe not the best examples but I do see examples of propaganda on these stamps so Choice one is our best answer for number 16 number 17 these stamps were used by the government of Ghana as a way to promote what they're not going to promote British imperialism right they're celebrating independence they don't want the British to come back and take them over absolutely not cross off Choice number one environmental issues in Ghana doesn't look like the stamps are talking about environmental things right we're talking about Liberty Freedom the the power of the military to win a conflict nothing here about the environment involvement in international groups nothing in the s about that right they're just focusing on one country not International efforts so Choice four is our answer from process of elimination national pride in a largely illiterate population so national pride I see that here right where is the evidence for illiterate right here people cannot read or write so we're going to use the stamps and coins to convince people that yes their country is now independent if it wasn't independent maybe the Queen of England's face would be on these stamps right let's move on to questions 18 and 19 all right so 18 and 19 refer to the source whittling him down and we see a hand labeled us United States with a pair of scissors labeled air strikes cutting off the tentacles of hoochi Min who's trying to get a grip on South Vietnam so I'm already thinking this is a source about the Vietnam War right if you remember anything about that hoochi MIM was a person who led a nationalist movement in Vietnam um after the French were trying to take Vietnam back after World War II an agreement was made in which they were going to split the country in half North Vietnam would be communist and South Vietnam would be a non-communist region um supported by the United States and hoim wanted to invade South Vietnam and reunify the country that's really what the Vietnam War was about from a Vietnamese point of view and the United States with its uh containment policies wanted to prevent that from happening right it didn't want to see Communism spread to places where there wasn't communism already so that's some of the backstory for this political cartoon so which claim is best supported by the evidence depicted in the cartoon hoi men wanted to keep North Vietnam separated from South Vietnam can't choose that one right because it looks like he's trying to control South Vietnam if he's doing that he doesn't want South Vietnam to be independent and separated no we cross that off Choice two the US used air strikes to stop the spread of Communism into South Vietnam yeah that's our answer right the pair of scissors is cutting off his access to South Vietnam right and that's the air strikes so we choose two for number 18 but let's look at three and four hoian invited the US to use air strikes to end French colonization of Vietnam there's no way that this person wanted the us to do bombing campaigns in Vietnam and again it's not shown in the source that he wanted this to happen right why would it looks like he's mad that they're doing this not saying hey this is awesome right so we cross off choice three Choice 4 says efforts by the US to free South Vietnam from China were successful you should know that the Vietnam War was not successful for the US right North Vietnam eventually did uh conquer the South and reunify the country under a communist government so for this for that reason this is wrong but also South Vietnam was not controlled by China so we cross off Choice number four for that reason as well because China has nothing to do with South Vietnam number 19 the reach of hoochi min's tentacles in the cartoons suggest what he was interested in developing a strong Naval presence in the region I don't think we can infer that based on the tentacles I don't see him building any boats here right so we cross off number one his gold was to unify Vietnam that's certainly what it looks like to me right he trying to control all the territory so that sounds like our answer and it definitely is but let's look at three he sought to cooperate with the US to gain Chinese support this makes no sense for so many reasons right why would he be trying to cooperate when he's looking angry about the fact that the US is using air strike and why why would cooperating with the US gain him Chinese support the Chinese are not on the side of the US right so cooperating with the US isn't going to make China happy that just doesn't make any sense so we cross off Choice number three Choice four says his political Ambitions included conquering South Vietnam's neighbors well I don't see him looking to do that in this particular Source right he's just going after South Vietnam there's no other countries on this map except South Vietnam so we cross that off as well let's move on to the next question set all right so questions 20 and 21 correspond with a couple of pictures here uh the day the Wall came down right the wall if it's 1989 is to and the fact that this one is labeled Berlin suggests that the Berlin Wall was coming down in 1989 and the Berlin Wall is associated with the Cold War time period right and the cold war was a huge topic basically a time period of competition between the US and the Soviet Union right you had competing military alliances right NATO on one side and the Warsaw PCT on the other he also had a series of proxy wars where each side was trying to um support other countries and their efforts to either spread communism or contain Communism so a whole bunch of stuff right the division of Germany into East and West the division of Berlin into East and West right with the wall separating uh Berlin so these photographs could best be used when studying the end of which conflict obviously it's going to be the Cold War that's going to be our answer for number 20 right the Lin wall coming down has nothing to do with Korea has nothing to do with World War II because it was made after World War II it was also made after the Korean War and the Persian Gulf War that happened after the Berlin Wall came down right the Persian Gulf War happened in 1990 1991 when the US went to war in Iraq the first time to basically secure the flow of oil throughout the world because Saddam Hussein the dictator of Iraq invaded Kuwait and took over a lot of oil fields again nothing to do with the Berlin Wall so when the Berlin Wall came down that was kind of like a symbol for the end of the Cold War an end of the time period in which the Soviet Union was restricting people's freedoms under communism so the cold war is now over once the Berlin Wall comes down more or less so choice three for number 20 21 what was an immediate result of the actions shown in these photographs so which thing happened like next in the historical timeline I guess in this part of the world right the creation of a onep party political system definitely not one party political system means in a country there's only one political party that's legal right and it's usually going to feature a dictatorship as well well with the fall of the Berlin wall and the end of the Cold War you're going to have more democracy you're going to have many more political parties so if there are more parties and more democracy we're not creating one party political systems in East Germany anymore so goodbye Choice number one the rise of fascist dictators definitely not okay fascism in Europe is over by this point fascism in Europe is like Spain Italy and Germany in the 1920s 30s and early 40s this is long after all that so cross off number two an easing of tensions between eastern and western Europe yeah that sounds good to me right because now what what's the easing tension if you're living in East Berlin if you're living in East Germany you can now move freely to the western side right that means less tension that means less fear among the people right there was fear if you tried to leave Easter Germany and go to the west and cross over the Berlin Wall the fear was and the tension was that you might be killed doing that right that create if if there's a fear of being killed for just moving from one place to another that makes for a very tense situation so when that wall comes down tensions are eased the formation of NATO NATO is that military alliance between the US and the Western European countries and also expanding to even Eastern European countries now all right so this happened long before the fall of the Berlin Wall so we can't call this a result of the fall of the Berlin Wall NATO was formed in like 1949 okay result is like effect so since this happened before the fall of the wall cross it off number three is our best answer for number 21 okay question number 22 is about this political cartoon called unfavorable exchange rate Washington Post 2011 and we see the probably the Great Wall of China why do I think that because it's labeled China and it looks like the great wall and behind the wall it says we don't don't do Imports meaning China doesn't bring things into the country well what's the thing that looks like it's coming into the country democracy okay so when I see this I'm thinking China in like the 1980s so a time period in Chinese history when dong Xiao ping was in charge right a person known for bringing economic freedom into China right the idea that you could start a business and earn a profit now right elements of capitalism come to China under dong Xiao ping um the idea of foreign investment is encouraged inside of China which explains why most of our products are made there today right to take advantage of the inexpensive labor in that country but democracy was not going to be something that was going to be allowed to enter China maybe you remember learning about the tianan Square massacre in 1989 where Western educated Chinese students were protesting in the name of democracy and Dong Xiao ping ordered that protest to be stopped did not allow democracy to enter so now that we have some backstory let's look at number 22 what point of view is depicted in Miss cartoon so what position is being shown here right maybe the cartoonist's uh position on the matter Choice One says China is not participating in the global trade market at this time I really can't tell that based on the picture right because they're just showing democracy as a thing maybe trying to enter China right that's not a a physical product being traded there's no sales going on here so I can't really tell that from the picture so I'm going to show I'm going to get rid of choice Number One China has attempted to prevent democratic ideas from entering the country that's exactly what the cartoon is saying right by showing the the Great Wall of China here stopping ideas from entering that's my evidence to suggest that choice two is the answer but look at Choice number three China viewed democracy as an attractive import certainly not not if they're blocking it right they're saying we don't do Imports we don't want democracy in the country China was looking for excuses to strengthen the wall H I really can't tell that based on the source I don't I don't see China strengthening the wall here that's that's the wall that was already there right that wall had been there since like the 1600s so cross that off the best answer is certainly going to be number two okay so question number three corresponds to this Source called globophobia from The Brookings institution 1998 globophobia probably refers to fear of globalization right and globalization is this idea that the world is interconnected now more than ever before right we are connected using the internet we are connected using airplanes and trains and car bars and businesses operate in multiple countries at the same time maybe to take advantage of the groups of people living in each country right maybe you want educated workers in the US to design your software but maybe you want inexpensive labor in some other part of the world to actually build your product if you're a company like apple for example right so let's take a look at this Source one problem in making the case for open borders is that few of the winners recognize the extent of the gains they enjoy as a result of free trade the losses suffered by displaced workers in the auto apparel or shoe making Industries are vividly portrayed on the Nightly News but few Americans realize that cars clothes and shoes are cheaper better made or more varied as a result of their countes openness to the rest of the world so let's pause and try to summarize what this is about so far right so the source is basically saying that people kind of look down upon globalization because once the world is interconnected through trade you can now buy your products from other countries and other countries might be able to make products more cheaply and if Americans are buying their things from overseas it might put Americans out of work it's talking about displaced workers in Auto apparel or shoe making meaning workers in those Industries are probably losing their jobs as a result of globalization and but the author is also saying that we don't realize that having more places to buy products from has led to competition and competition means better quality Goods right so that's why the author is saying that things are better now right better made and cheaper as a result of things being manufactured around the world but we don't really focus on that we focus more on people losing their jobs so it's kind of hard to make a case in favor of globalization when people are being put out of work right workers who make products sold outside the US often fail to recognize how much their jobs and wages depend on America's willingness to import as well as its capacity to export right so think about like stor stores that sell products made in other countries if we're not importing products from those countries those stores can't exist could an Apple Store exist without America's willingness to import probably not right so what happens to all those Apple employees is what the author is kind of saying there right people contributing to a pension fund meaning like a retirement fund right seldom realize that their returns are boosted by the funds ability to invest overseas and almost no borrower understands that the cost of a mortgage or car loan is lower because of America's attractiveness to foreigners as a place to invest their money so this part is confusing but basically what the author is saying is that retirement accounts have more money in them because the people who run those accounts can invest in businesses in other countries because of an open global trading policy that America currently supports all of these benefits help improve the standard of living for typical Americans and they can be directly or indirectly traced to our openness meaning free trade they are nearly invisible to most citizens however certainly far less visible than the painful losses suffered by workers who lose their jobs when a factory is shut down right that's what gets the Press people being put out of work because Americans are now buying their products from other countries instead of from American factories right but the author is saying yes we might be losing some factory jobs but there are all these other benefits to having open trade with other countries that globalization is actually a good thing free trade is actually a good thing according to the author everyone has their different position on this issue an economist would find this passage most useful for what an economist is someone who studies trade right so number one is our answer supporting lass Fair policies so what is lass Fair L fair is governments not getting involved in trade right not doing anything to limit trade not trying to regulate trade it's another way of saying like pure capitalism I suppose right free markets so open trade without barriers is l a fair right cuz the government is not taxing Imports in an attempt to encourage people to buy products from American factories this person is supporting the government not getting involved just let free trade happen because it brings more benefits than people realize Choice one is our answer here justify protective tariffs no the author is anti- tariff right a tariff is a tax on Imports like I said before if we tax Imports the idea is it makes the import more expensive and it should encourage people to buy things from America or American companies the author is saying that tariffs would be bad right he doesn't want tariffs he wants free trade to happen organizing protests against labor abuses I mean I don't think an economist would find the source useful for that because there's nothing here about Labor abuses in the source arguing for fewer environmental restrictions it's not talked about in The Source if it's not talked about in The Source an economist won't find the passage useful for arguing this it has to be there this is is there it's not blatant it doesn't say l ofair in the source but if it's talking about free trade open trade no regulation of trade that's L aair right no regulation hands off so Choice one is the answer for number 23 let's move on to questions 24 and 25 so we've got a couple of statements here HIV slads still of global concern so a problem all around the world West Nile Virus presents a major threat Ebola kills 11,000 in West Africa zika virus spreads to 50 countries which claim is best supported by these 21st century headlines so again this is uh another effect of globalization right if we're all connected together that means disease can spread to new places pretty quickly now right so Choice number one here is our answer right Global interaction can help spread epidemic diseases how is this supported by the headlines well we've got a virus spreading to 50 different countries that's a result of interaction right High inome countries don't have to worry about contagious disas diseases it's not reflected in this In this passage here I don't see anything about um High income countries and I don't see people not having to worry we know that HIV and AIDS are problems in the US right and that's a high income country but we we do have to worry about this so we cross off number two pollution is the cause of most contagious diseases I can't tell that based on these headlines there's nothing here about pollution causing these problems number four says epidemic diseases are a primary cause of economic inequality I can't prove prove that using the headlines if I can't prove it using the headlines I can't do it I can prove number one because it spread to 50 countries Spread spread so number one for 24 number 25 says which International response resulted from these 21st century headlines so what is an effect right effect response kind of the same thing which is an effect of this problem the North Atlantic Treaty Organization responded with military force to stop the spread of disease you can't stop disease with the power of the military so you cross off number one non-governmental organizations or NOS withheld financial support until diseases were contained that doesn't make any sense because you can't stop a disease by getting rid of financial support you need financial support right you have to have the money to have doctors and hospitals and medication so that just doesn't make any sense you're not going to withhold money the EU or European Union established refugee camps for victims uh they did that but not for disease victims right for maybe global conflict victims sometimes right or maybe people looking to escape from the war between Russia and Ukraine so this doesn't pertain to people being affected by disease and also two this is European Union countries right I see a lot of Africa here so for that reason too this is not going to be correct so number four is going to be our answer the World Health Organization and the International Community worked to find causes and remedies for these epidemics and that's kind of like a common trend is that since World War II International organizations are having to cooperate to solve some of these big Global problems that we see today whether it's the spread of disease or terrorism or the spread of nuclear weapons right pollution right one country can't deal with these problems effectively you need to coordinate between multiple countries and the World Health Organization is one of those organizations that's an international organization um where countries pull their resources and work together to try to slow the spread of disease so number four is our best answer for number 25 let's keep going okay three more we're almost there this Source says steedy and Wallace the devil came on Horseback bearing witness to the genocide in darer public affairs 2008 so darer is a part of West Sudan that has had a lot of conflict um in recent years in the last couple of decades like we said before when the Berlin Conference happened and new boundaries were created that led to the forming of countries consisting of groups to people that historically maybe didn't like each other so much and when the European countries went home that created an opportunity for those groups to become nationalistic and have conflict with each other right it led to civil wars in places like Sudan and darer is one of those places in Sudan where there were people who didn't really love the government of Sudan the government of Sudan being mostly dominated by Arabs the people of darur mostly not Arabs and that led to um ethnic and religious conflicts in that part of the world and when the people of darur wanted to separate from Sudan or were suspected of trying to separate from Sudan I should say the Arab based government of Sudan tried to stop that um with what some people label as a genocide or human rights violation so let's take a look at the source as soon as we refueled and resupplied we headed back for another Air Patrol over the region by this time the entire Villages of hash shaba and kokono and 90% of um zaa had been destroyed by fire every single Nomad Hut and every item of loot distributed by the janed meaning the the militia the fighting force of Sudan 3 hours earlier had been moved all we could observe in any direction was white or gray or charcoal outlines of what had recently been places where people lived I had never seen systematic destruction on this scale so again this represents again that effort to eliminate the people of darur as a group because they were perceived as a threat by the government of Sudan right definitely a human rights violation so the question say say which provision meaning law or rule of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights was violated by the actions described in the passage so if you don't know this the universal Declaration of Human Rights was issued in 1948 uh just after World War II largely in response to the Holocaust and a lot of other wartime atrocities maybe the the N Jing Massacre as well right because now we're trying to apply human rights on a on a global scale and countries are promising now that since they're members of the United Nations they're going to work to protect People's Natural Rights around the world so which one of these things was violated in the passage well even if you don't know all the rules of the Declaration of Human Rights I think we can determine what was violated in this Source no person shall be held in slavery or servitude I don't see any slavery happening in the source can't choose it no one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest detention or Exile no one's being arrested in the source no one shall be forced to belong to an association it's not in the source so number four says no one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property this is violated in the source right what does it say every single Nomad Hut and every item of loot distributed by the janed 3 hours earlier had been moved so when we see the word loot this refers to property being stolen by some kind of invasion Force so that's a violation of this particular principle so number four 426 two more let's do it okay this is a tough one for a variety of reasons we've got a political cartoon here issued by the Washington Post in 1999 and it says lines in the sand we've got a tank here labeled milosovic okay Slobodan milosovic is a dictator or was a dictator of Serbia okay Serbia was a province in the greater country that was once called Yugoslavia which if you don't remember that was a country created after World War I and the intent was to provide a country for Slavic people which is what Slavs wanted initially and since they didn't have their own country it it led to the assassination of the arch Duke and World War I and all that stuff by the time you get to the 1990s groups of people living within Yugoslavia were starting to break free because what happened was by creating Yugoslavia for Slavic people yes the Slavs were the majority group in Yugoslavia but you had many different religious and ethnic minority groups living in Yugoslavia who were also nationalistic and wanted to rule themselves and when places like Croatia and Bosnia declared independence in the early 1990s the serbians were upset about that because the serbians kind of perceived Yugoslavia as their country right and the fact that they were losing territory was unacceptable so mosovich did some really sketchy things right conducted human rights violations in Bosnia to try to eliminate the minority groups in Bosnia that were looking to separate Bosnia from the rest of Yugoslavia so Serbian people turning against religious and ethnic minority groups living inside of Yugoslavia so lines and missan so we see barbed wire here looks like right so it kind of implies that they're trying to stop the tank and M says final warning before the next warning very last notice last notice absolutely Final Notice Final Notice right so it kind of appears to me that these barriers are are not very effective right if you think about it from a practical standpoint a tank can roll over barbed wire no problem right this is this is not rubber here this these tires are not going to pop so these barriers are not affective at stopping the big bully so the big bully meaning mosovich and the serbians conducting human rights violations against uh minority groups in Yugoslavia right so the behavior criticized in this cartoon is most similar to which concept the answer is appeasement that's tough because usually you associate the word appeasement with World War II right when we had the the Munich conference taking place in Germany that's when Britain and France basically agreed to allow Hitler to take over part of Czechoslovakia and then Hitler promised I'm not going to take over anymore right that was kind of like giving into a bully well we're giving into a bully inside this political cartoon right we're not really stopping him from doing his his horrible things so that's going to be our answer we're criticizing it looks like the cartoonist is criticizing uh this uh our efforts to stop mosovich or lack of efforts to stop mosovich so criticizing the appeasement of mosovich so 27 should be Choice number two let's talk about the other answer choices for 27 though right Choice One says alliances alliances that's not being criticized in the cartoon I don't see any alliances happening here nonalignment this is the word that does not come up too often on the regions but this is when uh countries that became newly independent during the Cold War decided to not get caught up in the alliances so deciding to not be a part of NATO but also not be a part of the Warsaw Pact because they were weak right they're newly independent they couldn't get caught up in a military conflict so they decided to pursue their own path path separate from the superpowers that has nothing to do with this cartoon nuclear proliferation means the spread of nuclear technology this cartoon has nothing to do with the spread of nuclear technology so we're going to cross off number four for 27 and finally number 28 which organization directly helped to end the human rights violation shown in the cartoon this is really tough right so what organization actually stopped milosovic you'd think it would be the United Nations but it wasn't okay one problem with the United Nations is that uh the security Council which is like the the most probably the most important group of countries within the UN if a country decides to not want the UN to take action the UN does not take action so there were countries who did not want to stop mosich that were part of the UN so the UN was kind of powerless to stop the human rights violations so who stops the human rights violations well it was NATO the North Atlantic Treaty Organization countries bombed Serbian military installation to stop Serbia from doing human rights violations in both Bosnia and then later in Kosovo and then later on they're going to put mosovich on trial for human rights violations but unfortunately during the trial mosovich died so we couldn't find him guilty of human rights violations okay so NATO is the organization that stopped mosovich not the United Nations fortunately the UN is not on here because if the UN and NATO were on here that would make this extremely difficult right a trade organization is not going to stop conflict organization of African Unity this was quame nakum's effort to bring African countries together that has nothing to do with conflict in Eastern Europe OPEC that has nothing to do with this either right this is Middle Eastern countries basically controlling the supply of oil and therefore the prices of oil so for those reasons right NATO makes the most sense that we know that NATO has the power of the military so maybe force can stop Force so maybe just through Common Sense we could choose number three for 28 all right folks so that does it for the multiple Choice section from the January 2024 global history regions I hope this review helped if you could please again do me a favor like this video subscribe to the channel I'd really appreciate it and please go back too check out my playlists for other regions review content that I've made over the years I've gone over region exams going back to 2019 the multiple choice sections the crq sections and even the enduring issues essays so definitely use these resources to your advantage best of luck to you in your studies and good luck on your test and